Ward was born in Cleveland, Ohio, one of five children of the owner of a moving and storage company. He sang in church choirs and local opera theaters when he was a boy.[1] His earliest extant compositions date to 1934,[2] at a time he was attending John Adams High School, from which he graduated in 1935. After that, Ward attended the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, where his composition teachers were Bernard Rogers, Howard Hanson and Edward Royce. Ward received a fellowship and attended the Juilliard School of Music in New York from 1939 to 1942, where he studied composition with Frederick Jacobi, orchestration with Bernard Wagenaar, and conducting with Albert Stoessel and Edgar Schenkman. In the summer of 1941 he studied under Aaron Copland at the Berkshire Music Center in Massachusetts.
From his student days to the end of World War II, Ward produced about forty compositions, of which eleven he later withdrew. Most of those early works are small scale, songs and pieces for piano or chamber ensembles. He completed his First Symphony in 1941, which won the Juilliard Publication Award the following year. Around that time, Ward also wrote a number of reviews and other articles for the magazine Modern Music and served on the faculty of Queens College.
In February 1942 Ward joined the U.S. Army, and attended the Army Music School at Fort Myer, being assigned the military occupational specialty of band director. At Fort Riley, Kansas, he wrote a major part of the score to a musical revue called The Life of Riley. Ward was assigned to the 7th Infantry and sent to the Pacific. For the 7th Infantry Band he wrote a March, and for its dance band he wrote at least two jazz compositions.
During his military service Ward met Mary Raymond Benedict, a Red Cross recreation worker. They married on June 19, 1944, and had five children; Melinda, Jonathon, Mark, Johanna and Tim.[citation needed]
Major worksedit
Ward earned a Bronze Star for meritorious service in the Aleutian Islands. During his military service Ward managed to compose two serious orchestral compositions, Adagio and Allegro, first performed in New York in 1944, and Jubilation: An Overture, which was written mostly on Okinawa, Japan, in 1945, and was premiered at Carnegie Hall by the National Orchestral Association the following spring.
After being discharged from military service at the end of the war, Ward returned to Juilliard, earning postgraduate certificate in 1946 and immediately joining the faculty, teaching there until 1956. He served as an Associate in Music at Columbia University from 1946 to 1948.
Ward wrote his Second Symphony, dedicated to his wife, in 1947, while living in Nyack, New York. It was premiered by the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Hans Kindler. This symphony was quite popular for a few years, in part thanks to Eugene Ormandy playing it with the Philadelphia Orchestra several times and even taking it on tour to Carnegie Hall in New York and Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C.
Ward conducted the Doctors Orchestral Society of New York from 1949 to 1955, wrote his Third Symphony and his First Sonata for Violin and Piano in 1950, the Sacred Songs for Pantheists in 1951, and was music director of the Third Street Music School Settlement from 1952 to 1955, and wrote the Euphony for Orchestra in 1954. He left Juilliard in 1956 to become Executive Vice-President of Galaxy Music Corporation and Managing Editor of High Gate Press in New York, positions he maintained until 1967. Ward wrote his Fourth Symphony in 1958, the Prairie Overture in 1957, the cantata Earth Shall Be Fair and the Divertimento in 1960.
After the success of The Crucible, Ward received several commissions for ceremonial works, such as Hymn and Celebration in 1962, Music for a Celebration in 1963, Festive Ode in 1966, Fiesta Processional in 1966, and Music for a Great Occasion in 1970. During those years he also wrote the cantata, Sweet Freedom's Song, in 1965; the Fifth Symphony in 1976; a Piano Concerto in 1968, which was commissioned by the Powder River Foundation for the soloist Marjorie Mitchell; a Saxophone Concerto in 1984; and the operas The Lady from Colorado in 1964, Claudia Leqare in 1977, Abelard and Heloise in 1981, Minutes till Midnight in 1982, and Roman Fever in 1993 (based on the short story of the same name by Edith Wharton). He also wrote chamber music, such as the First String Quartet of 1966 and the Raleigh Divertimento of 1985.
His work has been championed by such conductors as Igor Buketoff, who recorded the 3rd and 6th symphonies.
Later workedit
In 1967, Ward became Chancellor of the North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem.[3] He held this post until 1975, when he stepped down to serve as a member of the composition faculty for five more years. In 1978 he came to Duke University as a visiting professor, and there he remained as Mary Duke Biddle Professor of Music from 1979 to 1987. His students included Michael Penny[citation needed] and Michael Ching.[4][5]
In the fall of 1987, he retired from Duke University as Professor Emeritus, and continued to live and compose in Durham, North Carolina. His most recent composition is "In Praise of Science," which premiered at the ribbon-cutting ceremony of Syracuse University's Life Science Complex on November 7, 2008.
After a period of failing health, Ward died in a Durham retirement home on April 3, 2013, at the age of 95.[6]
Selected worksedit
Ward's music is largely published by Highgate Press, E.C. Schirmer, Associated Music Publishers, Peer International, Merrymount Music Press, C.F. Peters and Vireo Press.
The Lady from Colorado (1964); revised in 1993 as Lady Kate; libretto by Bernard Stambler after the novel by Homer Croy
Claudia Legare, opera in 4 acts (1977); libretto by Bernard Stambler after the play Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen
Abelard and Heloise, Music Drama in 3 acts (1981); libretto by Jan Hartman
Minutes Till Midnight, opera in 3 acts (1982); libretto by Daniel Lang
Lady Kate, opera in 2 acts (1964, 1993); 2nd version of The Lady from Colorado; libretto by Bernard Stambler after the novel by Homer Croy
Roman Fever, opera in 1 act (1993); libretto by Roger Brunyate after the story by Edith Wharton
A Friend of Napoleon, operetta in 2 acts (2005); libretto by James [Doc] Stuart, based on the short story by Richard Connell
Orchestraledit
Slow Music (1937) [withdrawn--reworked into Adagio and Allegro]
Ode (1938) [withdrawn]
A Yankee Overture (1940) [withdrawn]
Andante and Scherzo for string orchestra (1940) [withdrawn]
Symphony No. 1 (1941–1942) Winner of the Juilliard Publication Award, 1942
Adagio and Allegro (1944)
Jubilation, an Overture (1945); also for concert band
Aria (1946) [withdrawn--reworked into Symphony No. 2]
Symphony No. 2 (1947)
Concert Music (1948)
Serenade for Strings (1948) [withdrawn--reworked into Euphony, Night Music and Symphony No. 4]
Night Music (1949) [withdrawn]
Symphony No. 3 (1950)
Euphony for Orchestra (1954)
Prairie Overture (1957); original version for concert band
Symphony No. 4 (1958, rev. 1977)
Divertimento for Orchestra (1960)
Hymn and Celebration (1962, rev. 1966)
Music for a Celebration (Trilogy for Orchestra) (1963) [Withdrawn as a 3-movement work. Movements published separately as listed below.]
Processional March (1963) [originally movement 3 of Music for a Celebration. Later, also reworked into Symphony No. 5.]
Invocation and Toccata (1966) [originally movements 1 & 2 of Music for a Celebration]
Festive Ode (1966)
Hymn to the Night (1966) (Tone poem based on Longfellow)
Concertino for string orchestra (1973)
Symphony No. 5(Canticles of America) (1976)
The Promised Land (On Jordan's Stormy Banks), chorale prelude for orchestra (or organ), with optional congregational participation (1977)
Sonic Structure (1980)
Festival Triptych with opt. narrator (1986)
By the Way of Memories, Nocturne for orchestra (1987)
Symphony No. 6 (1988)
5x5, Four Variations on a Five-Part Theme (1989)
A Western Set (1992) (Suite from Lady Kate)
The Scarlet Letter Ballet Suite (1994)
Symphony No. 7 (The Savannah) (2003)
Beginnings, An Overture (2006)
City of Oaks for orchestra (2007)
Concert bandedit
The Rolling Seventh march for band (1943); written during military service [withdrawn]
Life of Riley, musical revue for swing band, men's chorus and soloists (1942); written during military service [withdrawn]
Just As You Were for voice and swing band (1943); written during military service [withdrawn--tune reworked into mvt. 2 of the Concerto for Saxophone]
Jubilation, an overture (1946); original version for orchestra; transcribed for band by Robert Leist
Prairie Overture (1957); also for orchestra
Night Fantasy (1962)
Fiesta Processional (1966)
Music for a Great Occasion (1970) [withdrawn]
Antiphony (1973)
Four Abstractions (1977)
Jagged Rhythms in Fast Tempo
Color Masses and Luminous Lines in Dark Blue
Curves and Points of Light in Motion
Interweaving Lines
Concertanteedit
Concerto for piano and orchestra (1968)
Concerto for tenor saxophone and orchestra (1984)
Concerto for violin and orchestra (1993, revised 1994)
Dialogues, a Triple Concerto for violin, cello, piano and orchestra (1986–2002)
Chamber musicedit
String Quartet (1937) [withdrawn--movement 2 reworked into Andante and Scherzo]
Movement for String Quartet (1941) [withdrawn--reworked into Adagio and Allegro (1943)]
Energetically (1941) [withdrawn--reworked into Jubilation Overture (1945)]
Sonata No. 1 for violin and piano (1950)
Arioso and Tarantelle for cello (or viola) and piano (1954)
Fantasia for Brass Choir and Timpani (1956) for orchestral brass (3 trumpets, 4 horns, 3 trombones, tuba) and timpani
String Quartet No. 1 (1966)[7] [Movements 2 & 3 also reworked into the Concertino for Strings (1973)]
Dialogues for Violin, Cello and Piano (or orchestra) (1987) (earlier, shorter chamber version of Triple Concerto)
Raleigh Divertimento, woodwind quintet version (1986); Nonet version (2004)
Fanfare for Durham, for orchestral brass brass, timpani and percussion (1988)
Sonata No. 2 for violin and piano (1990)
Appalachian Ditties and Dances for violin and piano (1991)
Bath County Rhapsody, piano quintet (1991)
Serenade for Mallarmé for flute, viola, cello and piano (1991)
Echoes of America, trio for clarinet, cello and piano (1997)
Night under the Big Sky, nocturne based on themes from Lady Kate for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and piano (1998)
Brass Ablaze for brass band (cornets, flugelhorns, horns, euphoniums and tubas) and percussion
Quintet for oboe and string quartet (2005)
Keyboardedit
Song for piano (1941) [originally one of two movements for piano, later reworked into Sonatine;Adagio and Allegro;Hymn and Celebration and String Quartet No. 1]
Lamentation (1946) [published with Scherzo]
Sonatine (1948) [withdrawn--mvt. 3 reworked into Divertimento]
Scherzo (1950 [published with Lamentation]
The Promised Land (On Jordan's Stormy Banks), chorale prelude for organ (or orchestra), with optional congregational participation (1977)
Celebration of God in Nature, suite for organ (1979)
Vocaledit
Three Songs for high voice and piano (1934); text by Thomas S. Jones, Jr.: "I Know a quiet vale", "Daphne", "My soul is like a garden close" [withdrawn]
Fatal Interview song cycle for soprano and orchestra (1937); text by Edna St. Vincent Millay
What thing is this
Not in a casket cool with pearls
Epithalamion for high voice and piano (1937); text by Percy Blysse Shelley [withdrawn]
New Hampshire for 6 women's voices and string quartet (1938); text by T.S. Eliot [withdrawn]
First Harvest [title given to the group of five songs listed below, each originally written and published separately]
Sorrow of Mydath for high voice and piano (1939); words by John Masefield
As I Watched the Ploughman Ploughing for high voice and piano (1940); words by Walt Whitman
Rain has fallen all the day for high voice and piano (1940); text by James Joyce [tune reworked into By the Way of Memories Nocturne]
Anna Miranda for high voice and piano (1940); text by Stephen Vincent Benét
Vanished for high voice and piano (1941); text by Emily Dickinson
Jonathon and the Gingery Snare for narrator and orchestra (1949); words by Bernard Stambler [also reworked into Festival Triptych]
Sweet Freedom's Song: A New England Chronicle, cantata for soprano, baritone, narrator, mixed chorus and orchestra (1965)
Prelude
It Was a Great Design
O, Lord God of My Salvation
Come, Ye Thankful People, Come
Ballad of Boston Bay
Damnation to the Stamp Act
Epitaphs
Let Music Swell the Breeze
Symphony No. 5 Canticles of America for soprano, baritone, narrator, mixed chorus and orchestra (1976); words by Walt Whitman and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Behold, America
A Psalm of Life
Hymn to the Night
All Peoples of the Globe Together Sail
Images of God, a Sacred Service including a Mystery Play for minister, soprano, baritone, mixed chorus, organ and players (1988–1989)
In His Last Days, Jesus Came to Jerusalem for soprano solo, SATB chorus and organ
Let Us Heed the Voice Within for SATB and organ
I Hail This Land (from Lady Kate) for SATB and band (or piano) (1993)
Consider Well God's Ways for baritone solo and SATB chorus
Sacred Canticles for SATB chorus, trumpet, percussion and keyboard
Would You Be Glad for SATB chorus, children's chorus and organ
Cherish Your Land, for baritone solo, SATB chorus and chamber ensemble (or piano) (2001)
The Lamb for SA chorus and optional string orchestra (2009)
Referencesedit
^Kenneth Kreitner, Robert Ward: A Bio-Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press (1988): 3
^Kreitner, ibid: 12. Six works from 1934 are listed, compositions which "were completed (or nearly completed), but never formally performed. ... All manuscripts are at Duke University."
^Margalit Fox (April 6, 2013). "Robert Ward, Composed Prizewinning 'Crucible' Opera, Dies at 95". The New York Times.
^Ching, Michael. "Remembering Robert Ward (1917–2013)". New Music Box. April 12, 2013.
^Mobley, Mark. "Remembering Pulitzer Prize-Winning Composer Robert Ward". NPR.
April 3, 2013.
^"Composer, educator Robert Ward dies in Durham" Archived November 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine by David Menconi, The Charlotte Observer, April 3, 2013
^"DRAM: Notes for "American Works for String Quartet: Copland/Ward/Jaffe"". www.dramonline.org.
External linksedit
Robert Ward interview by Bruce Duffie, May 20, 1985
Robert Ward interview by Bruce Duffie, February 25, 2000
Robert Ward interview by Opera Lively, February 25, 2012
List of Robert Ward compositions published by ECS publishing
"In Praise of Science" performed by the SU Brass Ensemble with soprano Laura Enslin. on YouTube