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The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Launch of a U.S. Army Nike Zeus missile, the first ABM system to enter widespread testing

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, also known as the ABM Treaty or ABMT, was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against ballistic missile-delivered nuclear weapons. It was intended to reduce pressures to build more nuclear weapons to maintain deterrence. Under the terms of the treaty, each party was limited to two ABM complexes, each of which was to be limited to 100 anti-ballistic missiles.

Signed in 1972, it was in force for the next 30 years. In 1997, five years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, four former Soviet republics agreed with the United States to succeed the USSR's role in the treaty. Citing risks of nuclear blackmail, the United States withdrew from the treaty in June 2002, leading to its termination. (Full article...)

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... that American teenagers of the 1960s and 1970s used to chat and arrange dates over the sound of the busy signal?
... that a Nebraska public radio station operated from a 1916-built Carnegie library in the 1970s and 1980s?
... that American martial artist John Giordano, who taught karate to women alongside men and disabled people in the 1970s, held plays similar to kabuki theatre?
... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that until the 1970s, most shōjo manga (Japanese girls' comics) were written by men?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?

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Official portrait, 1974

Elizabeth Anne Ford (née Bloomer; formerly Warren; April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011) was the first lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977, as the wife of President Gerald Ford. As first lady, she was active in social policy and set a precedent as a politically active presidential spouse. Ford also was the second lady of the United States from 1973 to 1974 when her husband was vice president.

Throughout her husband's time in the office of the presidency, she maintained high approval ratings and was considered to be an influential first lady. Ford was noted for raising breast cancer awareness following her 1974 mastectomy. In addition, she was a passionate supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). As a supporter of abortion rights and a leader in the women's rights movement, she gained fame as one of the most candid first ladies in history, commenting on the hot-button issues of the time, such as feminism, equal pay, the Equal Rights Amendment, sex, drugs, and abortion. Surveys of historians conducted by the Siena College Research Institute have shown that historians regard Ford to be among the best and most courageous American first ladies. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, with Lars Jacob, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 3Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 4Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 5Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 6America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 71976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz. (from 1970s in video games)
Image 8British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 9Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 10Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 11Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 12Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 13British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 14A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 15Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 16By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 18Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 19Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 20Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 21Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 22Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 23Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 24Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 25Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 261973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 27Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 28Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 29Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 30Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 31VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 32The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 33In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 34Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 35The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 36Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 37The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 38Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 391979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 40Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 41Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 42TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 43Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 44Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 45Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 46Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 47Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 48Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 49An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 50Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 51British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 52A wrap dress Diane von Fürstenberg designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 53Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 54Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 55Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 56AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 57The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 58British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 59Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 60Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 61Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 62Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 63Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 64El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 65Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 66Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 67 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 68Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 69David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 70Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 71Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 72Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 73Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 74American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 75Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 76Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 77English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 79Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 80Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 82Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 83Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 84United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 85The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 86Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 87Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 88Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 89American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 90Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 91Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 92The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 93A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 94Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 95Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 96African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 97Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 98Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 99The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 100The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 101A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 102Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 103British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 104Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 105Couple prom in late 1970s men wear Powder Tuxedo women wear Sleeve dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 107Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 108Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 109Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 111Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 112Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 113Pakistan Army Genarel A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 1141970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 115Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 116The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 117Queen, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 118Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 120In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 121Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 122Microvision (1979) is the very first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 123John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 124Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)

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Sources

^ Howard Brick, "Review", American Historical Review (2012) 117#5 p 1537
^ Marglin, Stephen A.; Schor, Juliet B. (1992). Golden Age of Capitalism: Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience – Oxford Scholarship. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198287414.001.0001. ISBN 9780198287414.
^ Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012). "Economic History of Japan in the 1970a and 80s". Facts and Details. Archived from the original on 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2012-12-02.