Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition – Talks of surrender broke down between the Anglo-Egyptian force commanded by Philip James Vandeleur Kelly and SultanAli Dinar of the Sultanate of Darfur, leader of a rebellion against British colonial rule in what is now Sudan. Dinar had barricaded his force in the mountains outside the regional capital of El Fasher since abandoning it in May. Dinar's force of 2,000 men began to dwindle down to half as men deserted him.[3]
The first edition of the Kentucky Thoroughbred Horse Association Bulletin news magazine was published for local horse breeders in Lexington, Kentucky. The magazine grew in popularity with horse breeders across the United States and was renamed The Blood-Horse in 1929.[9]
Battle of Romani – British reinforcements launched a front attack on German-Ottoman forces at Wellington Ridge and a rearguard action at Katia that overturned the enemy's assault on the Sinai Peninsula.[22][23]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – The Italian army launched its sixth offensive against Austria-Hungary in northern Italy with the Battle of Doberdò, the bloodiest single battle on the Italian front. Some 20,000 soldiers from both sides were killed or missing before the Italians were able to push Austro-Hungarian forces out of the Doberdò del Lago commune.[26]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a counter-assault on the captured O.G. Lines while the Australian forces were rotating units. [24]
Battle of Romani – British forces continue to advance on the town of Oghratina as they pursued the retreating German-Ottoman force on the Sinai Peninsula.[27][28]
French flying ace Captain René Fonck gained his first confirmed victory, eventually becoming the highest-scoring Allied and second-highest-scoring ace overall of World War I.[29]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a final counterattack to recapture their lost trench network. As Germans overran the trench system and began to take prisoners, Australian officer LieutenantAlbert Jacka, a veteran of the Gallipoli campaign, led seven soldiers to resist in heavy hand-to-hand combat that repelled the attack, capturing 50 Germans in the process.[31] He was subsequently award the Military Cross for his actions, although many eyewitnesses insisted he should have won a second Victoria Cross.[32]
German submarine SM UB-44 disappeared after departing from port for the Dardanelles although naval historians speculate she was sunk by a patrol boat.[40]
Died:Lily Braun, German feminist writer, advocate for economic freedom and abolition of legal marriage for women in Germany (b. 1865); Torakusu Yamaha, Japanese business executive, founder of the Yamaha Corporation (b. 1851)
Battle of Bitlis – Russian and Armenian forces captured the Turkish provincial of Bitlis and the surrounding region in eastern Turkey.[44]
Battle of Bir el Abd – Ottoman forces repelled the ANZAC Mounted Division at Bir el Abd on the Sinai Peninsula that slowed the British pursuit of retreating German and Ottoman forces. The joint Australian-New Zealand unit lost 300 casualties.[45]
An Austro-Hungarian aircraft sank British submarineHMS B-10 in the Adriatic Sea, the first time aircraft succeeded in sinking such a vessel.[46][47]
The crime drama Cheating Cheaters by Max Marcin — a melodrama about two groups of jewel thieves posing as wealthy families to rob the other — premiered on Broadway and would run for 286 performances.[51][52]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 2 and 3 were established as the second and third dedicated fighting squadrons for the Imperial German Flying Corps.[54][55][better source needed]
The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme premièred in London. In the first six weeks of general release, 20 million people viewed it.[56]
Died:Addie L. Ballou, American poet activist, leading advocate for women's suffrage, temperance and prison reform, author of poetry collections Driftwood and The Padre’s Dream and Other Poems (b. 1838); Charles Dawson, British amateur archaeologist, charged with fraud on several archaeological discoveries including the Piltdown Man (b. 1864); John J. Loud, American entrepreneur, designer of the ballpoint pen (b. 1844)
Attacks on High Wood – British forces were equipped with flamethrowers and explosive-laden pipes to flush German defenses out of a wood near Bazentin, France.[58]
The Rosecrance Memorial Home opened as boy orphanage in New Milford, Illinois. The organization has since expanded to provide treatment facilities for adolescents and adults.[60]
Battle of Romani – A planned attack on Bir el Abd was cancelled as supply and communications for the ANZAC forces were stretched to the limit on the Sinai Peninsula, ending the British pursuit of the remaining German-Ottoman forces to Arish. The action formally ended any further military action in the region and cemented the Allies' hold on the Suez Canal.[61] In all, British casualties for the battle ranged from 1,200 to 1,300, while Ottoman-German casualties were estimated at 9,000.[62]
Battle of Pozières – Germany called off any further attacks to retake the village of Pozières, France, from Australian forces. In all, the Australians forces sustained around 23,000 casualties.[64][65]
1916 Texas hurricane — The tropical storm intensified into a hurricane while south of Hispaniola and made landfall at Kingston, Jamaica, killing two people and causing extensive damage in the capital city as well as to banana plantations in the surrounding area.[68][69]
British submarines HMS E4 and HMS E41 collided into one another in the North Sea, killed a total 47 crew from both vessels while another 15 survived.[70]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian General Luigi Cadorna called off the offensive after advancing five kilometers into Austro-Hungarian territory. The Italians sustained 51,000 casualties while Austro-Hungarian forces had 40,000.[77]
British poet F. W. Harvey was captured by the Germans and spent the rest of the war circulated between seven prisoner of war camps. Much of it would be spent in solitary confinement which allowed Harvey time to write a wealth of poetry and memoirs that were published in the post-war period.[79]
1916 Texas hurricane — The hurricane made landfall at Baffin Bay, Texas, with maximum wind speeds at 135 mph (215 km/h) and bringing an estimated 1.58 inches (25.4 mm) of rain.[57] The storm left $1.6 million (1916 USD) in damages in Texas and 24 people dead in total.[85]
The British and German navies clashed in the North Sea in an attempt to regain sea advantage after the losses at the Battle of Jutland in June. A total of 18 German battleships, supported by submarines and Zeppelins, fought 29 Royal Navy battleships and supporting naval vessels. German submarines sank British light cruisersHMS Nottingham and HMS Falmouth while a British sub damaged German battleship SMS Westfalen. Despite the loss of ships, casualties were light as crews had time to abandon ship and reach new vessels.[87]
The Irish Times in Dublin issued a 264-page handbook detailing the events of the Easter Rising with a second edition published at the end of the year.[88]
Battle of Delville Wood – The Germans inflicted nearly 200 casualties on a British direct assault in the wood, but a midnight attack allowed them to capture the road to Flers, France, along with over 200 German prisoners and a dozen machine guns.[91]
German submarine SM UC-10 was torpedoed and sunk by British submarine HMS E54 with the loss of all 18 of her crew.[92]
Battle of Delville Wood – The British captured the north end of a key front line German trench but wet weather prevented further attacks for about a week.[93]
The German air squadron Jagdstaffel 1 was established as the third dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps (despite having first top numerical order), with fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens as its first war ace.[95][better source needed]
Battle of Mlali – British colonial forces under General Jan Smuts attempted to draw out the opposing German side to fight their superior numbers near Mlali in what is now Tanzania, but failed in their attempts. As no ground was yielded, the British considered the battle a victory. During the fighting, cavalry officer Captain William Bloomfield was awarded a Victoria Cross for rescuing a wounded comrade at considerable risk for his own safety.[97]
Attacks on High Wood — Three British battalions attacked German machine defenses in the wood.[98]
Thirteen German naval airships under command by Peter Strasser attacked England. British antiaircraft fire damaged several airships and most of their bombs miss their targets widely, but L 31 under command of Heinrich Mathy bombed southeast London, inflicting £130,000 in damage, including damage to a power station at Deptford, and killing nine and injuring 40 civilians.[100]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 4 and 6 were established in the Imperial German Flying Corps, and would become two of its top squadrons in terms of air battle successes for World War I.[106][107][better source needed]
Battle of Delville Wood – After a week delay due to rain, the British attacked and captured the rest of the front line German trench held since August 21.[108]
Battle of Delville Wood – British efforts to capitalize on success with capturing the front line German trench were slowed by hardened enemy defenses.[108]
A military flying school known as Ham Common was established, eventually becoming Richmond, the oldest and largest airbase for the Royal Australian Air Force.[117]
Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army captured several more villages in Transylvania and set themselves up completing the first objective of the offensive.[116]
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