The town's name is pronounced 'Pennycook' and is derived from Pen Y Cog, meaning "Hill of the Cuckoo" in the Old Brythonic language (also known as Ancient British and the forerunner of modern Welsh).[2]
Historyedit
In 1296, Thomas Rymer's Foedera mentions a "Walter Edgar a person of Penicok south of Edenburgh", which logically can only be what is now called Penicuik.[3] Penycook appears as the name on John Adair's map of 1682[4] and the ruined old parish church, in the centre of the graveyard, dates from the late 17th century.[5]
Penicuik became home to an early paper mill, Valleyfield Mill, which was established by Agnes Campbell in 1709.[6]
The Pomathorn Bridge was a toll bridge across the River Esk and the main route between Edinburgh to the north and the Scottish Borders to the south. "The Young Pretender", Charles Edward Stuart, is recorded as having crossed the River Esk on his march south on 8 November 1745.[7]
Penicuik hosted the inaugural Grand Match in curling, between the north and the south of Scotland, in 1847. This took place on the "high pond" on the estate of Penicuik House, not the "low pond" which is still used for curling on rare occasions.[12]
The town, whilst generally architecturally undistinguished, contains two masterpieces by Frederick Thomas Pilkington: the South Church (originally the United Free Church, of 1862; and the flamboyant "Park End" houses on Bridge Street also of 1862.[8]
Following population growth, largely associated with the paper mills, the town became a burgh in 1866.[13]
In 1889, a fire at the Mauricewood Colliery resulted in the death of 63 men and boys, with only seven survivors. Its owners, The Schotts Iron Company, closed the pit following the disaster. [14]
The Penicuik war memorial was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer and dates from 1920.[15]
The Dalmore paper mill on the North Esk river at Auchendinny closed in 2004.[16]
Schoolsedit
There are five primary schools in Penicuik, Cuiken Primary, Cornbank St James Primary, Sacred Heart Primary (Roman Catholic), Strathesk Primary and Mauricewood Primary. There are also two high schools, Penicuik High School and Beeslack High School (which is soon to move out of Penicuik itself).[17]
Climateedit
Penicuik experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The town's somewhat elevated position (180 m O.S.) means it is more susceptible to snowfall than nearby Edinburgh; over 30 days of the year on average reported lying snow between 1951 and 1980, compared to 14 at Edinburgh.[18] Temperature extremes since 1960 range from 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) during July 1983[19] to −19.2 °C (−2.6 °F) in January 1982.[20] The coldest temperature in recent years was −12.5 °C (9.5 °F) during January 2010.[21]
Climate data for Penicuik (185 m or 607 ft asl, averages 1991–2020, extremes 1960–present)
Picturesque housing on the south side of the river at Penicuik
Penicuik Cemetery looking towards the Pentland Hills
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penicuik.
^"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
^Robinson, Mairi, ed. (1999). "Some common elements of placenames". Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. Edinburgh, Scotland: Harrap. p. 1059. ISBN 978-0-550-14250-4.. There is a similarly-named "Pennyquick" just west of Bath in Somerset in England.
^"Genealogial collections concerning the Scottish house of Edgar, with a memoir of James Edgar". London Grampian Club. 1 August 1873 – via Internet Archive.
^"Map of Midlothian - Maps of Scotland". maps.nls.uk.
^"Paper Mills". Penicuik Papermaking: 300th Anniversary. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^Blaikie, Walter Biggar (1897). "Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward Stuart from his landing in Scotland July 1745 to his departure in September 1746" (PDF). Edinburgh University Press. p. 25.
^ abcMcWilliam, Colin; Wilson, Christopher (1978). Lothian, except Edinburgh (Buildings of Scotland Series). Penguin. pp. 379–385. ISBN 9780-140710663.
^John Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles, Statistical and Topographical. A. & C. Black. 1887. p. 320.
^"Valleyfield Mill". Penicuik Papermaking: 300th Anniversary. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^Stevenson, Robert Louis (2017). The Complete Works: Novels, Short Stories, Poems, Plays, Memoirs, Travel Sketches, Letters and Essays (Illustrated ed.). E-Artnow. ISBN 978-8026836599.
^ abcd"Penicuik heroes". The Scotsman. 15 July 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^"Dr Joseph Bell". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^Holloway, Sydney W. F. (1991). Royal pharmaceutical society of Great Britain, 1841-1991 : a political and social history. Pharmaceutical Press. p. 268. ISBN 0-85369-244-0. OCLC 464125862.
^Waterston, Charles D.; Macmillan Shearer, A. (1 July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index(PDF). Vol. I. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
^Waterston, Charles D.; Macmillan Shearer, A. (1 July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index(PDF). Vol. I. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
^Wilson, John J. (1891). "The annals of Penicuik; being a history of the parish and of the village". T. & A. Constable. p. 208.
^"James Cowan". Wisden. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"Sir John Cowan". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"S. R. Crockett". Future Museum. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"Claire Emslie: Scotland winger targets World Cup after missing Euro 2017". BBC Sport. 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^"Finlayson, James". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49393. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 27 October 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^"Sir James Arnot Hamilton". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^"Jason Kerr's rise through the ranks shows no signs of letting up". Edinburgh Evening News. 1 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^Knott, Cargill Gilston (1879). "Researches on contact electricity". D.Sc. Thesis. hdl:1842/26666. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"Hearts star Sam Nicholson on setting Tynecastle alight and avoiding trouble on nights out in Edinburgh". Daily Record. 28 February 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"After life upstairs, downstairs is an eye-opener for defender: Craig's just happy to still have the ball at his feet". Herald Scotland. 23 March 1996. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^"www.illinoissistercities.org/?page_id=2650". illinoissistercities.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.