Usually, a Manyema man would typically have children who are also identified as Manyema from birth. Similarly, children of Arab men would be identified as Arab. However, a female Manyema would often give birth to a child of various ethnicities, such as Swahili, Zaramo, Shihiri, or Arab. Thus, she may have multiple children, each with a different ethnicity that differs from her own[8]
In Tanzania, the Manyema include various smaller ethnic groups of Congolese origin of which are independent culturally but with some resemblance due to intermarriages. These ethnic groups include the Wagoma, Bwari,[10]Buyu,[11] Masanze, Bangubangu,[12]WaBembe,[13]Songoora[14] and many others of Congolese origin.
^Nimtz, August H. (1980). Islam and Politics in East Africa: The Sufi Order in Tanzania. U of Minnesota Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8166-5836-7.
^Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland; Oliver, Roland Anthony; Sanderson, G. N. (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 553. ISBN 978-0-521-22803-9.
^Zöller, Katharina (June 2019). "Crossing Multiple Borders: 'The Manyema' in Colonial East Central Africa". History in Africa. 46: 299–326. doi:10.1017/hia.2019.6. S2CID 166482195.
^Chappatte, André; Freitag, Ulrike; Lafi, Nora (2017-07-28). Understanding the City through its Margins: Pluridisciplinary Perspectives from Case Studies in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-69568-8.
^Mounteney-Jephson, A J (July 1891). "The Manyema Slave-Hunters". The Anti-slavery Reporter. 11 (4): 201–202. ProQuest 2947517.
^"Article 17 -- No Title". The New York Times. 9 February 1890.
^Decker, Corrie (2014). "Introduction". Mobilizing Zanzibari Women. pp. 1–20. doi:10.1057/9781137472632_1. ISBN 978-1-349-69080-0.
^Lindström, Jan (2019). Muted Memories: Heritage-Making, Bagamoyo, and the East African Caravan Trade. Berghahn Books. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-78920-173-4.
^Lemarchand, Rene (1996-01-26). Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56623-0.
^PeopleGroups.org. "PeopleGroups.org - Bangobango of Congo (Kinshasa)". peoplegroups.org. Retrieved 2022-07-11.
^Stellaractive (2017-05-25). "Bembe People - Discover African Art". Retrieved 2022-07-11.
^McCurdy, Sheryl (2006). "Fashioning Sexuality: Desire, Manyema Ethnicity, and the Creation of the Kanga, ca. 1880-1900". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 39 (3): 441–469. JSTOR 40034826.