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Lanistes 
Summary
Lanistes is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.[7]
| Lanistes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Architaenioglossa |
| Family: | Ampullariidae |
| Subfamily: | Ampullariinae |
| Genus: | Lanistes Montfort, 1810[1] |
| Type species | |
| Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804). | |
| Diversity[2][3][4] | |
| 21 extant species | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Distribution edit
The distribution of the genus Lanistes includes Africa and Madagascar.[3]
Description edit
Lanistes has a unique anatomy among the Ampullariidae: it has a "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell.[8] This means that the body of the snail is dextral (as in all other ampullariids), but the shell appears to be sinistral.[8] However the sinistral appearance stems from the fact that the rotation of the shell as it grows is in an upward direction rather than the usual downward direction.[8]
Species edit
Three[3] subgenera have been recognized, based on shell differences: Lanistes sensu stricto, Meladomus and Leroya. These subgenera are not used in recent works.[3]
Extant species within the genus Lanistes include:
- Lanistes alexandri (Bourguignat, 1889)[3]
- Lanistes ambiguus Martens, 1866
- Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860)
- Lanistes beseneckeri Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 †
- Lanistes bicarinatus Germain, 1907[3]
- Lanistes bloyeti (Bourguignat, 1889)
- Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798) - synonym: Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804)[9]
- Lanistes chaperi (Kobelt, 1912)
- Lanistes ciliatus Martens, 1878[2][3]
- Lanistes congicus O. Boettger, 1891[2][3]
- Lanistes deguerryanus (Bourguignat, 1889)
- Lanistes ellipticus Martens, 1866[2][3]
- Lanistes farleri Craven, 1880[2][3]
- Lanistes fultoni (Kobelt, 1912)
- Lanistes grasseti (Morelet, 1863)[3]
- Lanistes graueri Thiele, 1911[2][3]
- Lanistes intortus Martens, 1877[2][3]
- Lanistes jouberti (Bourguignat, 1888)
- Lanistes letourneuxi (Bourguignat, 1879)
- Lanistes libycus (Morelet, 1848)[2][3]
- Lanistes magnus Furtado, 1886
- Lanistes nasutus Mandahl-Barth, 1972[2][3]
- Lanistes neavei Melvill & Standen, 1907[2][3]
- Lanistes neritoides Brown & Berthold, 1990[2][3]
- Lanistes nitidissimus (Bourguignat, 1889)
- Lanistes nsendweensis (Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901)[3]
- Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865[3]
- Lanistes ovatus (Olivier, 1804)
- Lanistes ovum Peters in Troschel, 1845[3] - synonyms: Lanistes magnus Furtado; Lanistes olivaceus (Sowerby); Lanistes procerus; Lanistes elatior Martens, 1866; Lanistes ovum bangweolicus Haas, 1936; Lanistes connollyi Pain, 1954[3] Lanistes ovum adansoni;[citation needed] Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus[citation needed]
- Lanistes palustris (Morelet, 1864)
- Lanistes pfeifferi (Bourguignat, 1879)
- Lanistes pilsbryi Walker, 1925
- Lanistes pseudoceratodes (Wenz, 1928)[2]
- Lanistes purpureus (Jonas, 1839)[2][3]
- Lanistes solidus Smith, 1877[2][3]
- Lanistes stuhlmanni Martens, 1897[2][3]
- Lanistes varicus (Müller, 1774) - synonyms: Lanistes adansoni Kobelt, 1911; Lanistes millestriatus Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927[3]
Fossil species within the genus Lanistes include:
- † Lanistes asellus van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes bishopi Gautier[4]
- † Lanistes gautieri van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes gigas van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes hadotoi van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes heynderycxi van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes nkondoensis van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes olukaensis[4]
- † Lanistes senuti van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes trochiformis van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
References edit
- ^ Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. Syst. 2: 122.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Lanistes". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k van Damme D. & Pickford M. (1995). "The late Cenozoic ampullariidae (mollusca, gastropoda) of the Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire)". Hydrobiologia 316(1): 1-32. doi:10.1007/BF00019372.
- ^ Grandidier (1887). Bull. Soc. malac. France 4: 191.
- ^ Swainson (1840). Treat. Malacol., page 340.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Neubauer, Thomas A. (2015). Lanistes Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820447 on 2015-11-11
- ^ a b c "Shell". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
- ^ Bouchet, P. (2016). Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=843296 on 2017-06-06
External links edit
- Animation showing how the "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell evolved from a shell with normal orientation
- Schultheiß R., Van Bocxlaer B., Wilke T. & Albrecht C. (2009). "Old fossils–young species: evolutionary history of an endemic gastropod assemblage in Lake Malawi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276(1668): 2837-2846. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0467.