1564: French Huguenots at Jacksonville, Florida (Fort Caroline).
1565: Spanish slaughter French Huguenot 'heretics' at Fort Caroline (Jacksonville) as well as the inlet that would be called Matanzas Bay thirteen miles south of Saint Augustine, Florida.
1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers. North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence.
^William Langer, ed.. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973)
^Melvin E. Page, ed. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003); vol. 2 pages 648-831 has a detailed chronology
^Birgitta Wallace, "The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland." Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 19.1 (2005). online
^Samuel Eliot Morison, Admiral of the ocean sea." A live of Christopher Columbus (1942).
^Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierr firme del Mar Oceano (General History of the Deeds of the Castilians on the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea), Madrid, 1601-1615
^Samuel Eliot Morison, The European Discovery of America (1971).
^"GOMES, ESTEVÃO - Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online". Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^Douglas Hunter (August 31, 2010). Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-60819-098-0. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^Joseph Dow (1894). History of the Town of Hampton, New Hampshire: From Its Settlement in 1638, to the Autumn of 1892. Salem Press Publishing and Printing Company.