The Institute of Arbitrators was established in London (later renamed Chartered Institute of Arbitrators) to represent the interests of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) practitioners. The organization presently has 14,000 members in 130 countries.[8]
The United States Motion Picture Corporation was established to produce film comedies, with its main office in Wilkes-Barre, New Jersey and its film studio in Forty Fort, Pennsylvania. The company produced 27 films that became known as the "Black Diamond Comedies" until 1919, after which the studio was sold to another film production company.[13]
German submarine SM U-8 was scuttled by the crew after it was ensnared by nets in the English Channel.[22]
The Zeppelin airship LZ 37 began flying for the Imperial German Navy on bombing raids throughout 1915. It was downed in February 1916 by a British fighter plane.[23]
The U.S. Government passed the Seamen's Act to preserve the security and safety of workers in the merchant shipping industry, but its ineffectiveness lead to the Merchant Marine Act in 1920.[24]
Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf — French forces staged renewed attacks on German defenses on the Hartmannswillerkopf summit on the French-German border, running one German position but stopped by new German defense lines close to the summit. The Germans counterattacked but were repulsed, sustaining 200 casualties in the process. A second attack two days later also failed the push the French off the mountain.[27]
British destroyers HMS Louis and Laverock were assigned to escort RMS Lusitania to Liverpool, but when the ships tried to contact Lusitania by radio, Captain Daniel Dow only gave his position by code and continued to Liverpool unescorted.[30]
The Princess Theatre opened in Edmonton with 660 seats and the largest live performance stage in a cinema west of Winnipeg. It is the oldest surviving movie theater in the city.[38][39]
The German 11th Army was established, initially for the Western Front was soon transferred to the Eastern Front where it took part in the Serbian Campaign. The army was dissolved briefly in September before it was reformed, and permanently dissolved in 1919.[40]
Battle of Neuve Chapelle — German forces counter-attacked at Neuve-Chapelle, France and while they were unable to recapture territory, their attacks further disrupted uncoordinated British actions to supply troops with ammunition and supplies.[53]
Battle of Neuve Chapelle — Ineffective supply lines to arm front line troops forced British command to postpone an offensive and ultimately abandon the plan two days later, ending the battle.[54]
A British mine-sweeping squadron led by cruiser HMS Amethyst under command of Commodore Roger Keyes attempted to clear minefields around the Dardanelles but shore bombardments from the Ottomans forced them to back off.[55]
An ongoing feud between Oregon river boat companies Myrtle Point Transportation Company and Coquille River Company continued when Myrtle Point steamboat Telegraph collided with Coquille River steamboat Charm in Coquille City port. The crew of the Charm claimed they made audible warning to Telegraph before the collision, but the crew of the other denied such warnings were heard. Charm was laid up for three days for repairs before returning to service.[57]
After having no better luck in securing a ship to Europe, stranded German marines from the defunct SMS Emden returned to the Arabian port of Hodeida and hired two sambuk sailboats to travel up the Arabian coast.[61]
The first edition of the British daily tabloid Sunday Pictorial was published in London. The paper's name was changed in 1963 to its present name Sunday Mirror.[64]
A report of the collision between Oregon river boats Telegraph and Charm reached the U.S. Steamboat Inspection Service office in Portland, Oregon.[80]
The men's fraternity for mechanical engineering students Pi Tau Sigma was established at University of Illinois. Another fraternity with the same Greek letters was formed independently later that year, and the two merged to form a national collegiate in 1916.[81]
Four French soldiers with the rank of corporal were executed by firing squad at Souain-Perthes-lès-Hurlus, France after convicted by courts-martial on charges on insubordination against General Géraud Réveilhac. Critics of the affair argued the charges were made through a "kangaroo court" and the men were scapegoated for the leadership failings of the French Army senior staff. All four soldiers were later pardoned posthumously. The incident later inspired the Stanley Kubrick film Paths of Glory.[84]
While sailing up the Arabian coast, a sambuk carrying German marines from the lost SMS Emden grounded on a coral reef and sank with no lost crew. However, it forced marine commander Hellmuth von Mücke to hire a larger vessel when the group reached Al Qunfudhah. They sailed to Al Lith, where one of the Germans died from typhus.[85]
Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign failed when three Allied ships struck mines and sank, including the French battleship Bouvet with the loss of 660 of her 710 crew, British battleship HMS Irresistible with the loss of about 150 of her 780 crew, and HMS Ocean which had the fortune of having most of her crew rescued. French battleship Gaulois was luckier; she was beached after striking a mine but was refloated on 22 March. She was repaired and returned to service.[90]
Royal Navy battleship HMS Dreadnought sank U-29 with all 32 crew aboard in the Pentland Firth by ramming her, the only time this tactic was known to have been successfully used by a battleship.[91]
Russian fighter pilot Alexander Kazakov used a grapnel to hook his aircraft to a German Albatros two-seater aircraft in mid-air, hoping to destroy the Albatros by detonating a small bomb fixed to the grapnel. When the grapnel mechanism jammed as he unreeled it, Kazakov opted to down the Albatros by ramming it with his undercarriage.[93]
The Defence of India Act was enacted to provide the colonial government in British India wide-spread powers to enforce criminal law, especially in curtailing nationalist and revolutionary activities in the country during and after World War I.[98]
Pluto was photographed for the first time but was not classified as a planet.[99]
Siege of Przemyśl — Russian forces captured the fortress in Galicia (now south-eastern Poland), ending the longest siege of the war. The Russians took over 117,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers prisoner including nine generals, 93 senior staff officers, and 2,500 other officers.[111]
The No. 30 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps officially received its designated squadron number when it mobilized to defend airspace over Egypt, even though it had been established in October 1914.[121]
The British cargo ship SS Tamar was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 500 nautical miles (930 km) northeast of Pernambuco, Brazil by German warship SMS Kronprinz.[125]
In a letter exchange between German and Ottoman ambassadors, it was reported the Armenian Zeitun militia resistance ended after Ottoman forces captured the city (now Süleymanlı).[128]
The third of the International Socialist Women's Conferences was held in Bern, Switzerland, following a seven-month delay from its original planned conference in Vienna for August 1914. The outbreak of war forced the conference to be relocated and wartime conditions allowed only 30 delegated to attend.[132]
A hearing held by the U.S. Steamboat Inspection Service on the collision between Oregon river boats Telegraph and Charm concluded evidence supported the collision being "largely in the nature of an accident."[139]
Thrasher incident — British ocean liner Falaba was sunk by torpedo in St George's Channel by German submarine U-28 with the loss of 104 lives.[148] Those killed included US passenger Leon Chester Thrasher, a 31-year-old mining engineer from Massachusetts. This stirred public pressure in the United States to enter World War I, but the US Government confined itself to a diplomatic response.[149]
Several major all-male academic organizations in Estonia united under the League of Estonian Corporations "to strengthen the relationship between the organizations" and "to enhance its members' spiritual upbringing of Estonian history, language and literature through learning."[154]
A German party of marines stranded after the SMS Emden was destroyed were escorted to Jeddah on the Arabian Peninsula with a party of Turkish and Arab guards. They were surprised by a party of Bedouin raiders and forced to fight, where two of the party were killed and third wounded before a relief force arrived to escort them to the city.[158]
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