List of wars involving India

Summary

This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving former kingdoms and states in the Indian subcontinent and the modern day Republic of India and its predecessors.

Ancient India (c. 15th to 1st century BCE) edit

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Battle of the Ten Kings (c. 14th century BCE) Bharata kingdom Ten King Alliance Bharatas Victory
Kurukshetra War Pandavas of Kuru Kingdom Kaurava of Kuru Kingdom Pandavas Victory
  • After Pandavas victory, entire North India or central India come under Kuru rule.
Kosala-Kashi war
(c. 650 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Kasi kingdom Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of Kāsī
Kosala conquest of Gaṇasaṅgha
(c. 600 to 550 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Gaṇasaṅghas
Kālāma
Shakya
Koliya
Kosala Victory
  • Kosala annexation of three Gaṇasaṅgha
Gandhāra-Avanti war
(c. 575 BCE)
Gandhāra kingdom Pradyota dynasty Gandhāra Victory
Magadha-Anga war
(c. 535 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Anga Kingdom Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Anga
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
(c. 535/518BCE–450 BCE)
Mahajanapadas Achaemenid Empire Achaemenid Victory
  • Persian rule established over the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent
Avanti-Magadhan wars
(c. 510 BCE–400 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty
Shishunaga dynasty
Avanti (Ancient India) Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Avanti
Magadha-Kosala war
(c. 485 BCE)
Kosala kingdom Magadha led by Haryanka dynasty Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Kosala
Magadha-Vajji war
(c. 484 BCE–468 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Vajjika League led by the Licchavis Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Vajji confederacy
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
(c. 327 BCE–325 BCE)
Macedonian Empire Various Indian kingdoms * Macedonia conquers up to the Beas River, yet has to stop its advance in the Indus.
Battle of the Hydaspes
(c. 326 BCE)
Porus Macedon
League of Corinth
Persian allies
Indian allies
Macedon Victory
  • Annexation of Punjab
  • Porus became his province chief
Conquest of the Nanda Empire
(c. 323 BCE–322 BCE)
Chandragupta Maurya Nanda Empire Maurya Victory
Seleucid–Mauryan war
(c. 305 BCE–303 BCE)
Maurya Empire Seleucid Empire Maurya Victory
Kalinga War
(c. 262 BCE–261 BCE)
Maurya Empire Kalinga Maurya Victory
  • Maurya annexation of Kalinga
Shunga-Greek War
(2nd Century BCE)
Shunga dynasty Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Shunga Victory
Battle of Vijithapura
(c. 162/161 BCE)
Chola dynasty Anuradhapura Kingdom Anuradhapura Victory
Battle of Vidarbha
(c. 145 BCE)
Shunga Empire Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era) Shunga Victory
Battle on the Sindhu river
(c. 135 BCE)
Shunga Empire Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Victory

Classical India (c. 1st to 6th century CE) edit

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Saka-Satavahana Wars (c. 1st–2nd century CE) Satavahana Empire Western Kshatrapas Satvahana Victory
Battle of Venni (c. 130 CE) Cholas (Uraiyur) Chera dynasty
Pandya dynasty
Velir
Chola Victory
Second Parthian-Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE) Kushan Empire Parthian Empire
Kushan Victory
Samudragupta conquest of Western Satraps
(c. 350 to c. 360 CE)
Gupta Empire Western Satraps Guptas Victory
Chandragupta II conquest of Western Satraps
(c. 390 to c. 410 CE)
Gupta Empire Western Satraps Guptas Victory
Chandragupta II's Campaign of Balkh (c. 5th Century CE) Gupta Empire Sassanian empire Hunas Gupta victory, Afghanistan up to Balkh conquered by the Guptas
Skandagupta conquest of Hunas
(c. 455 to c. 457 CE)
Gupta Empire Alchon Huns Guptas Victory
First Hunnic War
(c. 496–515 CE)
Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Gupta Empire
Aulikara Empire
Later Gupta dynasty
Alchon Huns Indian kingdoms Victory
Second Hunnic War
(incl. Battle of Sondani (c. 528 CE))

(c. 520–534 CE)
Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Aulikara Empire
Gupta Empire
Later Gupta dynasty
Alchon Huns Indian Kingdoms Victory

Early Medieval India (c. 7th to 12th century CE) edit

Name of conflict Belliegents Opponents Outcome
Battle of Narmada
(619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Vardhana dynasty Chalukya victory
Battle of Pullalur
(618–619 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Chalukya victory
  • Result of battle is inconclusive by mostly historians
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Battle of Vatapi
(642 CE)
Chalukyas of Vatapi Pallava dynasty Pallava victory
  • Pallava victory and conquest of Vatapi
  • Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Umayyad campaigns in India
(712–740 CE)
Gurjara-Pratihara
Guhila dynasty
Maitraka dynasty
Chalukya dynasty
Karkota Empire
Umayyad Caliphate Indian Victory
  • Arab and later Muslim invasions halted in India for next 250 years.
Yaqub's campaigns to the east

(861–870)

Zunbils

Kharijites

Medieval India

  Abbasid Caliphate Saffarid Victory

Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar marched through Bost, Kandahar, Ghazni, Kabul, Bamyan, Balkh and Herat, conquering them in the name of Islam.

Ghaznavid campaigns in India
(10th and 11th centuries)
Hindu Shahis
Rajput confederacy
Jatts
Chandelas
Kachchhapaghata dynasty
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Lodi dynasty of Multan
Tomara dynasty
Ghaznavids Ghaznavid Victory
  • Beginning of Muslim rule in the Indian Subcontinent
Chalukya–Chola wars
(992–1120 CE)
Chola Empire Western Chalukya Empire Chola Victory
Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
(993–1017 CE)
Chola Empire Anuradhapura Kingdom Chola Victory
Chola expedition to North India
(1019–1024 CE)
Chola Empire Somavamsi dynasty
Pala Empire
Kamboja Pala dynasty
Chandra dynasty
Chola victory
Chola invasion of Srivijaya
(1025 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Kadaram
(1068 CE)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor

(1175–1206)

Rajput Confedracy

Sena dynasty Soomra dynasty Ghaznavids Qarmatians Tibetan tribes

Ghurid dynasty Ghurids Victory

Late Medieval India (c. 13th to 15th century CE) edit

Name of conflict Belligerents Belligerents Outcome
Battle of Katasin
(1243)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Second seizure of Lakhnauti
(1244)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Battles of Umurdan
(1247 to 1256)
Ganga Empire Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) Ganga Empire Victory
Battle of Beas River
(1285)
Delhi Sultanate Chagatai Khanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
Mongol invasion of India
(1297–1298)
Delhi Sultanate Chagatai Khanate Delhi Sultanate Victory
  • Mongol forces expelled from India
Battle of Kili
(1299)
Khalji dynasty Chagatai Khanate Khalji Victory
Siege of Ranthambore
(1301)
Delhi Sultanate Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Chittorgarh
(1303)
Delhi Sultanate Guhila dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
(1304)
Delhi Sultanate Vaghela dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa
(1305)
Delhi Sultanate Paramara dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri
(1308)
Delhi Sultanate Seuna dynasty Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Warangal (1310) Kakatiya Empire Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom
(1310–1311)
Pandyan Kingdom Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Siege of Warangal (1318) Kakatiya Empire Khalji dynasty Khalji Victory
Battle of Lahrawat
(1320)
Khusrau Khan Tughlaq dynasty Tughlaq Victory
Siege of Warangal (1323) Kakatiya Empire Tughlaq dynasty Tughlaq Victory
Battle of Singoli
(1336)
Kingdom of Mewar Tughlaq dynasty Rajput Victory
Bengal Sultanate–Delhi Sultanate War
(1353–1359)
Delhi Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
  • Withdrawal by the Delhi Sultanate
  • Delhi recognises sovereignty of the Sultan of Bengal
Jaunpur-Bhojpur War
(1389–1489)
Jaunpur Sultanate Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur Jaunpur Sultanate Victory
  • Ujjainiyas flee into the forest and lead a guerilla warfare resistance
Battle of Delhi (1398)
(1398)
Timurid Empire Delhi Sultanate Timurid Empire Victory
Bengal Sultanate–Jaunpur Sultanate War
(1415–1420)
Bengal Sultanate
Diplomatic support:
  Timurid Empire
Ming China
Jaunpur Sultanate Bengal Sultanate Victory
Battle of Sarangpur
(1437)
Kingdom of Mewar
Kingdom of Marwar
Malwa Sultanate Rajput Victory
Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas
(1442–1446)
Kingdom of Mewar Malwa Sultanate Rajput Victory
Battle of Nagaur
(1457)
Kingdom of Mewar Gujarat Sultanate
Nagaur Sultanate
Rajput Victory

Early Modern India (c. 16th to mid 19th century CE) edit

Name of conflict (Time) Belligerents Opponents Outcome
First Battle of Cannanore

(1501)

Kingdom of Calicut   Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Calicut (1503) Kingdom of Calicut

Arab privateers

  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Cochin

(1504)

Kingdom of Calicut

Vassal Malabari states

  Portugal

  Kingdom of Cochin

Portuguese victory
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war

(1505–1517)

  Mamluk Sultanate

Kingdom of Calicut

Bijapur Sultanate

  Gujarat Sultanate

Supported by:

  Republic of Venice

  Ottoman Empire

  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Siege of Anjadiva (1506) Bijapur Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Bijapur victory
Siege of Cannanore (1507) Kingdom of Cannanore

Kingdom of Calicut

  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Dabul

(1508)

Bijapur Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts

(1508–1573)

  Gujarat Sultanate

Supported by:

Kingdom of Calicut

  Mamluk Sultanate (until 1517)

  Ottoman Empire (since 1517)

  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Portuguese conquest of Goa

(1510)

Bijapur Sultanate   Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese victory
Siege of Aden

(1513)

  Portuguese Empire Yemeni Tahirids Tahirid victory
Siege of Goa (1517) Bijapur Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Zeila

(1517)

  Portuguese Empire   Adal Sultanate Portuguese victory
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts

(1518–1658)

  Kingdom of Sitawaka

  Kingdom of Kandy

Principality of Raigama

  Kingdom of Jaffna

Supported by:

Zamorin of Calicut

Kingdom of Tanjore

Vanni chieftains

  Dutch East India Company (From 1638)

  Portuguese Empire

  Kingdom of Kotte

Stalemate
Battle of Khatoli
(1518)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Delhi Sultanate Rajput victory
Battle of Gagron
(1519)
  Rajput Confedracy Malwa Sultanate
Gujarat Sultanate
Rajput victory
Battle of Dholpur
(1519)
  Rajput Confedracy   Delhi Sultanate Rajput victory
  • The boundaries of Rana Sanga's military influence came to extend within striking distance of Agra.
  • Chanderi bestowed to Medini Rai.
  • Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Gujarat (1520)
(1520)
  Rajput Confedracy Gujarat Sultanate Rajput victory
  • Royal treasuries of Gujarat plundered by Rana Sanga
  • Idar given to Rao Rai Mal Rathore
  • Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Raichur
(20 May 1520)
Vijaynagar Empire Sultanate of Bijapur Vijaynagar victory
First Battle of Panipat
(1526)
  Delhi Sultanate   Emirate of Kabul Mughal victory
  • Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals
  • Foundation of the Mughal Empire
Siege of Calicut (1526) Zamorin of Calicut   Portuguese Empire Zamorin victory
Battle of Bayana
(21 February 1527)
  Rajput Confedracy   Mughal Empire
  • Afghans
Rajput victory
Battle of Khanwa
(16 March 1527)
  Rajput Confederacy   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal rule established in North India by Babur and Agra became centre of their power from Kabul.
Battle of Ghaghra
(1529)
  Mughal Empire   Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
  • Bihar annexed by the Mughals
Battle of Kannauj
(1540)
  Mughal Empire Sur Empire Sur victory
Battle of Sammel
(1544)
  Kingdom of Marwar Sur Empire Sur victory
  • Bikaner and Merta became independent from Marwar
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)[5]   Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)

Supported by:

  Portuguese Empire

  Toungoo dynasty (Burma) Siam Victory
Battle of Sirhind (1555) Sur Empire   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Re-Establishment of Mughal Empire By Humayun
Second Battle of Panipat
(1556)
Hemchandra Vikramaditya   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Battle of Tughlaqabad
(7 October 1556)
Hem Chandra Vikramaditya   Mughal Empire Hem Chandra victory
  • Hem Chandra annexed mostly Mughals or Sur Empire's region and established a strong Hindu Empire
  • Part of 22 battles fought by Hemu
Battle of Talikota
(23 January 1565)
Vijaynagar Empire Deccan Sultanates Deccan Sultanates victory
  • Vijayanagara was destroyed or looted by Muslim armies.
  • Penukonda became second capital of Vijaynagar Empire.
Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)
(23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Siege of Ranthambore (1568)
(8 February 1568 – 21 March 1568)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Rajput leader Rai Surjan Hada surrenders Ranthambore Fort
War of the League of the Indies

(1570 – 1574)

Sultanate of Bijapur

  Sultanate of Ahmadnagar

Zamorin of Calicut

  Sultanate of Aceh

Co-belligerents:

Princely states of the Kanara coast

Kalinyamat Sultanate

Sultanate of Ternate

Sultanate of Tidore

Sultanate of Golkonda

Mappila Muslims

  Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Mughal invasion of Bengal
(1572–1576)
  Mughal Empire  Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
Battle of Haldighati
(18 June 1576)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Inconclusive
Siege of Daman (1581)   Mughal Empire   Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Dewair (1582)
(1582)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Result of war led to the automatic liquidation of all 36 Mughal military outposts in Mewar
Battle of Leitao Coast

(1586)

  Portuguese Empire Arab Niquilus Arab victory
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600)   Portuguese Empire   Spanish Empire Portuguese victory
Siege of Kottakkal

(1599–1600)

  Portuguese Empire

Kingdom of Calicut

Kunjali Marakkar forces Portuguese and Calicut victory
Dutch–Portuguese War

(1601–1661)

  Kingdom of Portugal

Supported by:

  Dutch Republic

Supported by:

Indecisive
  • Formation of the Dutch Empire.
  • Both sides claim victory in India.
Battle of Dewair (1606)
(1606)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Amar Singh I led a hard-fought battle to defend his territory, and personally killed the Mughal commander Sultan Khan
  • Asaf Khan retreated from the battlefield.
Battle of Swally

(1612)

  Kingdom of Portugal   English East India Company British victory
Mughal expedition of Mewar
(1615)
  Kingdom of Mewar   Mughal Empire Mughal victory
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
(1615–1682)
  Ahom kingdom   Mughal Empire Ahom victory
  • Extension of Ahom influence to the Manas river
Battle of Toppur
(1616–17)
Imperial forces of Vijaynagar Empire
Nayaks of Tanjore
Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire
Nayaks of Gingee
Nayaks of Madurai
Pandyas of Tirunelveli
Kingdom of Travancore
Portuguese
Imperial Vijayanagara forces victory
  • It was the battle which cause the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly.
Early Mugal-Sikh Wars (1621–1658)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Sikh assert power
  • Mughal invulnerability shattered
Battle of Rohila (1621)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 14,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • Governor of Jalandhar killed
Mughal–Safavid war (1622–23)
(1622–1623)
  Mughal Empire   Safavid Empire Safavid victory
Spanish-Siam War

(1624–1636)[6][7][8]

  Iberian Union   Siam

  Dutch East India Company

Siam victory
Mombasa war

(1631–32)

  Portuguese Empire Mombasa Sultanate Portuguese Victory
Siege of Hooghly

(1632)

  Mughal Empire   Portuguese Empire Mughal Victory
Battle of Amritsar (1634)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Entire Mughal force killed
Battle of Lahira (1634)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • 35,000 Mughal soldiers killed
  • 100 taken prisoner
  • Governor of Kabul killed
Battle of Kartarpur
(1635)
 Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Guru Hargobind led Sikh army deafeated Mughals
  • Shah Jahan ends attacks on Sikh
  • 50,000-96,000 Mughals killed
Siege of Orchha (1635)
(1635)
Bundela Rajputs   Mughal Empire Mughal Victory
Battle of Phagwara (1635)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Mughals repulsed
Battle of Kiratpur (1638)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Siege of Daman (1638–1639)   Mughal Empire   Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Pipli[9]

(1640)

  Mughal Empire   Denmark-Norway Mughal victory
Danish-Mughal War

(1642–1698)[9]

  Mughal Empire   Denmark-Norway Stalemate
  • Danish initial victory at sea, but it's demmands were never accomplished by Mughals.
Mughal–Safavid war (1649–53)
(1649–1653)
  Mughal Empire   Safavid Empire Persian victory
  • Safavid/Persian re-annexation of Kandahar
Battle of Sutlej (1653)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • Mughal repulsed
Invasions of Kiratpur (1658)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
  • No Sikh soldiers killed
  • 3 Mughal Generals killed
Mughal conquest of Chittagong
(1665–1666)
  Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mrauk U Mughal victory
  • Mughal annexation of southeastern Bengal
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts

(1666–1758)

Zamorin

  United Kingdom

  Portuguese Empire[11][a]

  Dutch Republic Dutch victory
Rajput War (1679–1707)
(1679–1707)
  Kingdom of Marwar
  Kingdom of Mewar
  Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Aurangzeb was unable to gain any lasting success
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684
(1679–1684)
Ladakh
  Mughal Empire
Tibet
Zungar Empire
Mughal military victory
  • Mughal withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis
  • Tibetan victory in another attack in 1684 with the assistance of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire
  • Treaty of Tingmosgang
Deccan Wars
(1681–1707)
  Maratha Empire   Mughal Empire Inconclusive
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1683–1684)

  Maratha Empire

  Portuguese Empire

Stalemate
Siege of Bijapur
(1685–1686)
  Bijapur Sultanate
  Maratha Empire
  Mughal Empire Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Bijapur State
Anglo-Mughal War
(1686–1690)
  Mughal Empire   East India Company Mughal victory
  • British conclusion of peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689
Siege of Golconda
(1687)
  Mughal Empire Golconda Sultanate Mughal victory
  • Mughal Empire annexes Golconda
Battle of Bhangani (1688)  Sikhs Alliance of 16 Hill States, including:

  Kahlur

  Garhwal

  Kangra

Guler

Hindur

Siba

Jaswan

Sikh victory
Battle of Nadaun (1691)   Bilaspur State

  Akal Sena (Sikhs)

 Mughal Empire

  Kangra State

Bijarwal State

Sikh victory
Mughal–Portuguese War

(1692–1693)

  Mughal Empire

  Portuguese Empire

Portuguese Victory
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714)

  Portuguese Empire

  Omani Empire Indecisive
Battle of Guler (1696)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1699)  Sikhs Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1700)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Sikh victory
First siege of Anandpur (1700)  Sikhs Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas), Ranghars, and Gujars Sikh victory
  • Sikhs hold off attacking forces
  • 150,000+ of the coalition force killed
  • Sikh suffer minor casualties
  • Sikh leave Anandpur
Second siege of Anandpur (1704)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Peace Treaty
  • Mughals and Hill Rajas taken an oath to never attack the Sikh if they abandon Anandpur
  • Mughals and Hill Rajas break oath
Battle of Chamkaur (1704)  Sikhs   Mughal Empire

Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)

Mughal and Hill Raja Victory
  • Fail to capture Guru Gobind Singh
  • Mughal and Hill Rajas suffer heavy casualties
Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710
(1708–1710)
  Kingdom of Marwar
  Kingdom of Mewar
  Kingdom of Amber
  Mughal Empire Rajput victory
  • Mughal emperor sued for peace
  • Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1725–1726)[12]

  Maratha Confederacy

  Portuguese Empire

Inconclusive
  • Peace of Bassein
Maratha–Portuguese War

(1729–1732)

  Maratha Confederacy

  Portuguese Empire

Supported by:

Portuguese Victory
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789)   Kingdom of Mysore
  Maratha Empire
  Portuguese Empire

Supported by: Rajahnate of Soonda Kingdom of Sawantwadi

Portuguese Victory
Nadir Shah's invasion of India
(1738–1739)
  Mughal Empire   Afsharid dynasty Persian victory
  • Persian occupation and plundering of Delhi
Travancore–Dutch War
(incl. Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) 10 August 1741

(1739–1753)
 Travancore  Dutch Empire Travancore victory
  • Dutch colonization halted in Travancore
Battle of Vasai
(1739)
  Maratha Empire   Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Battle of Karnal
(1739–February 13, 1739)
  Mughal Empire   Persian Afsharid Empire Persian victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)
(1741)
  Maratha Empire   Mughal Empire Maratha victory
Expeditions in Bengal
(1741–1748)
  Maratha Empire   Mughal Empire Peace treaty
  • Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
First Carnatic War

(1744–1748)

  Mughal Empire

  Nizam of Hyderabad

  Kingdom of France
  Kingdom of Great Britain
Status quo ante bellum
Second Carnatic War

(1749–1754)

  Kingdom of France

  Mughal Empire

 Kingdom of Mysore

  Nawab of Arcot (Chanda Sahib) Hyderabad State (Muzaffar Jang Hidayat)

  Kingdom of Great Britain

  Maratha Empire

  Nawab of Arcot (Wallajah)

Hyderabad State (Nasir Jung)

Stalemate
Naval Battle of Calicut

(1752)

  Maratha Empire   Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Seven Years' War
(1754–1763)
  France

  Austria
  Russia (until 1762)
  Spanish Empire (from 1761)
  Sweden (1757–62)
  Saxony
  Mughal Empire (from 1757)

  Prussia

  Great Britain
  Hanover
  Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
  Iroquois Confederacy
  Portugal (from 1761)
  Hesse-Kassel
  Schaumburg-Lippe

Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1763).
  • French cession of New France (excluding Louisiana) to Britain and recognition of British supremacy in Bengal
  • Spanish cession of Florida to Britain
  • French cession of Louisiana to Spain
  • British cession of Cuba and Manila (Philippine Islands) to Spain
  • Britain restored the Indian factories to France, but forbade French traders from administering them
  • France recognized British clients as the rulers of key Indian native states and pledged not to send troops to Bengal.
Maratha conquest of North-west India
(1757–1758)
  Maratha Empire   Durrani Empire Peace treaty
Battle of Plassey
(1757)
  East India Company   Nawab of Bengal
  French East India Company
Company victory
Afghan-Maratha War
(1758–1761)
 Maratha Empire
 Sikh confederacy
 Durrani Empire
 Rohilkhand
Durrani victory
Third Battle of Panipat
(1761)
  Maratha Empire   Durrani Empire Durrani victory
  • Sadashiv Bahu led Martha's forces defeated by Ahmad shah abdali
Battle of Buxar
(1764)
  East India Company   Mughal Empire Company victory
First Anglo-Mysore War
(1767–1769)
  East India Company
  Maratha Empire
  Nawab of the Carnatic
  Hyderabad
  Mysore Mysore victory
First Anglo-Maratha War
(1775–1782)
  Maratha Empire   East India Company Maratha victory
Second Anglo-Mysore War
(1780–1784)
  Mysore   East India Company
  Maratha Empire
Status quo ante bellum
Maratha-Mysore War
(1785–1787)
  Maratha Empire   Mysore Maratha victory
  • Treaty of Gajendragad
Third Anglo-Mysore War
(1789–1792)
  East India Company
  Maratha Empire
  Hyderabad
 Travancore
  Mysore Diplomatic support:   France[13] Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(1798–1799)
  East India Company
  Maratha Empire
  Hyderabad
 Travancore
  Mysore Diplomatic support:   France[13] Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War
(1803–1805)
  Maratha Empire   East India Company British victory
Battle of Vizagapatam
(1804)
  East India Company
  United Kingdom
  France French victory
Anglo-Nepalese War
(1814–1816)
  East India Company
  Garhwal Kingdom
  Patiala State
  Kingdom of Sikkim
  Nepal Company victory
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus
(1815)
  East India Company   United States American victory
  • Capture of Nautilus by American forces
Third Anglo-Maratha War
(1817–1818)
  Maratha Empire   East India Company British victory
First Anglo-Burmese War
(1824–1826)
  East India Company   Burmese Empire Company victory
Siege of Herat

(1837–1838)

  Emirate of Herat

  East India Company

Supported by:

  British Empire

Aimaq tribesmen

Maimana Khanate

Andkhui Khanate

Sheberghan Khanate

Sar-i Pul Khanate

  Bukhara Emirate

  Khiva Khanate[14]

  Qajar Iran

Supported by:

  Russian Empire

Principality of Qandahar

Company victory
First Anglo-Afghan War
(1839–1842)
  East India Company   Emirate of Afghanistan Afghan victory
First Opium War
(1839–1842)
  Great Britain   Qing dynasty Company victory
First Anglo-Sikh War
(1845–1846)
 Sikh Empire   East India Company
  Patiala
Company victory
Second Anglo-Sikh War
(1848–1849)
 Sikh Empire   East India Company Company victory
Second Anglo-Burmese War
(1852)
  East India Company   Burmese Empire Company victory
Anglo-Persian War
(1856–1857)
  United Kingdom

  Afghanistan

  Iran Company victory
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(1857–1858)
  Mughal Empire
  Oudh
Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
  East India Company
  United Kingdom
  Nepal
Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains
Company victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of the Mughal Empire and Company rule in India
  • Establishment of Crown rule in India (British Raj)

Modern India (c. 1850s to 1947 CE) edit

Wars involving British Indian Empire edit

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the princely states.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Second Opium War
(1856–1860)
  British Empire

  French Empire

  China Victory
Ambela Campaign
(1863–1864)
  India Afghan Pashtuns
Yusufzai tribes
Victory
  • Bunerwals surrender.
  • Malka burned.
Bhutan War
(1864–1865)
  India Bhutan Victory
  • Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
British Expedition to Abyssinia
(1867–1868)
  United Kingdom   Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
(1878–1880)
  United Kingdom   Afghanistan Victory
  • Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained.
  • Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India.
  • Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
Mahdist War
(1881–1899)
  Congo Free State
  United Kingdom

  Egypt
  Ethiopia

  Mahdist Sudan Victory
Anglo-Egyptian War
(1882)
  United Kingdom

  Tewfik Pasha

  Ahmed Orabi Victory
Third Anglo-Burmese War
(1885)
  India   Burmese Empire Victory
  • The province of Burma became part of India.
Third Black Mountain Expedition
(1888)
  India Hassanzai and Akazai tribes. Victory
  • Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
Sikkim Expedition
(1888)
  India   Tibet Victory
  • Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
Hunza-Nagar Campaign
(1891)
  India Hunza
Nagar
Victory
Chitral Expedition
(1895)
  India Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen Victory
  • Fort of Chitral relieved.
Anglo-Zanzibar War
(1896)
  Britain   Zanzibar Sultanate Victory
Tochi Expedition
(1896)
  India Waziris Victory
  • Rebellion put down.
Siege of Malakand
(1897)
  India پشتون Pashtun tribes Victory
  • Siege successful.
First Mohmand Campaign
(1897–1898)
  India Mohmands Victory
Tirah Campaign
(1897–1898)
  India Afridis
Orakzais
Chamkanis
Victory
  • Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
Boxer Rebellion
(1899–1901)
  Empire of Japan
  Russia
  United Kingdom

  France
  United States
  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
  Italy

  Yihetuan Movement
  China
Victory
  • The rebellion was suppressed.
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
Second Boer War
(1899–1902)
  United Kingdom   Orange Free State
  South African Republic
Victory
British expedition to Tibet
(1903–1904)
  India   Tibet Victory
Bambatha Rebellion
(1906)
  United Kingdom Zulu people Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Bazar Valley Campaign
(1908)
  India Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
World War I
(1914–1918)
  France
  United Kingdom

  Russia
  Italy
  United States
  Serbia
  Montenegro
  Belgium
  Japan
  Romania
  Portugal
  Hejaz
  China
  Greece
  Brazil
  Kingdom of Nepal

  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
  Ottoman Empire
  Bulgaria
Victory
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
(1918–1920)
  White Movement
  British Empire

  Japan
  Czechoslovakia
  Greece
  Poland
  United States
  France
  Romania
  Serbia
  Italy
  China

  Russian SFSR
  Far Eastern Republic
  Latvian SSR
  Ukrainian SSR
  Commune of Estonia
  Mongolian communists
Withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia.
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army.
Turkish War of Independence
(1919–1923)
  Greece

  France

  Armenia
  United Kingdom

  Istanbul Government

  Italy
  Georgia

  Ankara Government

  Kuva-yi Milliye

Defeat[15]
Third Anglo-Afghan War
(1919)
  United Kingdom   Afghanistan Armistice
  • Treaty of Rawalpindi
  • Afghan invasion repelled.
  • Afghanistan regains control of external affairs.
  • Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
First Waziristan Campaign
(1919)
  India   Waziristan Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
Kuwait–Najd War
(1919–1920)
  United Kingdom

  Kuwait

  Sultanate of Nejd Victory
  • Ikhawan retreat.
Iraqi revolt
(1920)
  United Kingdom   Iraqi rebels Victory
Malabar rebellion
(1921)
  India Mappila Muslims Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
Pink's War
(1925)
  India Mahsud tribesmen Victory
  • Tribal leaders accept terms.
Second Mohmand Campaign
(1935)
  India Mohmands Victory
Second Waziristan Campaign
(1936–1939)
  India   Waziri tribesmen Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
World War II
(1939–1945)
  Soviet Union
  United States
  United Kingdom
  China
  France
  Free France
  Poland
  Yugoslavia
  Greece
  Republican Spain
  Netherlands
  Belgium
  Luxembourg
  Denmark
  Norway
  Czechoslovakia
  FTM
  Canada
  Australia
  New Zealand
  India
  Ceylon
  British Burma
  Egypt
  Sudan
  Nigeria
  South Africa
  Philippines
  Ethiopia
  Brazil
  Mexico
  Colombia
  Cuba
  Chile
  Peru
  Mongolia
  Tuva
  Viet Minh
  KLA
  Kingdom of Nepal
  Germany
  Japan
  Italy
  Vichy France
  Romania
  Hungary
  Bulgaria
  Slovakia
  Bohemia and Moravia
  Croatia
  Finland
  Francoist Spain
  Kingdom of Albania
  German Albania
  Thailand
  Iraq
  Azad Hind
  Japanese Burma
  Manchukuo
  Mengjiang
Victory
Western Desert Campaign
(1940–1943)
  United Kingdom

  Australia
  New Zealand
  Egypt
  South Africa
  Free France
  Poland
  Greece
  Czechoslovakia

  Italy

Supported by:
  Germany

Victory
  • Allied Victory
East African Campaign
(1940–1943)
  United Kingdom

  Belgium

  Ethiopia
  Free France

  Italy

Supported by:
  Germany

Victory
  • Collapse of Italian East Africa
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

(1941)

  Soviet Union

  United Kingdom

  Iran Victory
Indonesian National Revolution
(1945–1947)
  Netherlands
  United Kingdom
  Indonesia Withdrawal
  • Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947.
  • The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
Operation Masterdom
(1945–1946)
  United Kingdom

  France
  Japan

  Viet Minh Victory

Post-Colonial India (c. 1947–present) edit

Wars involving the Union and Republic of India edit

In 1947, the British Indian Empire split into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India. The Indian Army, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Indian Navy too, were divided between the two countries. In 1950, the Union of India became the Republic of India after abolishing monarchy.

  Indian defeat
  Indian victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
(1947–1948)
  India   Pakistan
  Furqan Force
Ceasefire
Integration of Junagadh
(1947)
  India   Junagadh Victory
  • Annexation of Junagadh into India
Operation Polo
(1948)
  India   Hyderabad Victory
  • Annexation of Hyderabad into India
Korean War
(1950–1953)
  South Korea

  United Nations
  United States
  United Kingdom
  Canada
  Turkey
  Australia
  Philippines
  New Zealand
  Thailand
  Ethiopia
  Greece
  France
  Colombia
  Belgium
  South Africa
  Netherlands
  Luxembourg Supported by:

  North Korea


  China
  Soviet Union Supported by:

Stalemate
  • Formation of the DMZ
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(1954)
  India   Portugal Victory
Congo Crisis
(1960–1964)
1960–63:

  Republic of the Congo


Supported by:
  Soviet Union (1960)
  ONUC[b]

1960–63:

  Katanga
  South Kasai
Supported by:
  Belgium[c]


1960–62:
  Stanleyville government
Supported by:
  Soviet Union

Victory
Annexation of Goa
(1961)
  India   Portugal Victory
Sino-Indian War of 1962
(1962)
  India   China Defeat [16]
Insurgency in Northeast India
(1964–)
  India
  Bhutan (joined in 2003)
  Bangladesh (joined in 1971)

  Myanmar (joined in 2018)

  ATTF

  BLTF
  HuM
  KLNLF
  KLO
  NDFB
  NSCN
  PLA
  ULFA
  UNLF
and others...

Ongoing
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
(1965)
  India   Pakistan Inconclusive
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency
(1967–)
  India Ongoing
Nathu La and Cho La clashes
(1967)
  India   China Victory
Bangladesh Liberation War
(incl. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971)

(1971)
  India
  Bangladesh

Supported by:
  Soviet Union[21][22]

  Pakistan

Supported by:
  United States[23][24]
  United Kingdom[25]
  China[25]
  Iran[26][27]
  Ceylon[28][29][30][31]
  Saudi Arabia[32]

Victory
The First JVP insurrection
(1971)
  Ceylon

  Australia
  Egypt
  India
  Pakistan
  Singapore
  Soviet Union
  United Kingdom
  United States
  Yugoslavia
  China

  JVP

Supported by:
  North Korea (alleged)
  ASBPI
  CCP (Maoist) (alleged)

Victory
  • Rebel forces surrender
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Siachen conflict
(1984–2003)
  India   Pakistan Victory
Operation Blue Star (1984)   India

Supported by:
  United Kingdom

  Soviet Union

  Sikh militants Victory
  • Indian forces suffer high casualties
Insurgency in Punjab (1984–1995)   India

Supported by:
  United Kingdom

  Soviet Union

  Sikh militants

Supported by:
  Pakistan

Victory
  • Militancy defeated
Operation Flowers are Blooming
(1986)
  India
  Seychelles
  Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection
(1987–1989)
  Sri Lanka
  India
  United States
  United Kingdom

Military support:

  JVP
  Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya
  IUSF

Supported by:

Victory
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1987–1990)
  India
  Sri Lanka
  Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Withdrawal
Operation Cactus
(1988)
  India
  Maldives
  PLOTE
  Maldivian rebels
Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989–)
  India   Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

  Lashkar-e-Taiba
  Jaish-e-Mohammed
  Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
  Al-Badr
  Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front


Supported by:
  Pakistan[33]
  Taliban[34]
  al-Qaeda[34]

Ongoing
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)   UNMOT

Non-UNMOT:

  United Tajik Opposition
  Taliban
Victory
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)

(Part of the Somali Civil War)
(1991–)

  UNOSOM II   Somali National Alliance Inconclusive/Other Result
Kargil War
(1999)
  India   Pakistan

Victory

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)
  NATO

Non-NATO:

Pirates

Victory

  • Number of Somali pirate attacks have been reduced dramatically.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ unnoficial Portuguese soldiers just helped the Zamorin.
  2. ^ ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others.[citation needed]
  3. ^ The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation.[citation needed] However, it was never officially recognised by any other state.[citation needed]

References edit

  1. ^ Strabo, Geography, xv.2.9
  2. ^ Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, pp. 33–34, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0
  3. ^ Smith, Vincent Arthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press, pp. 104–106
  4. ^ Barros (p. 140)
  5. ^ Loureiro, Rui Manuel. Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
  6. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  8. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  9. ^ a b Wellen, Kathryn (2015). "The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642–1698" (PDF). Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (5): 448. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342470 – via Brill. Appalled, Pessart sent a formal declaration of war in 1642 and sent two of Tranquebar's best ships north to attack Bengal, where they captured a ship they renamed Den Bengalske Prise.
  10. ^ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). The Territories and States of India (e-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 9781135356255.
  11. ^ Poonen, T. I. (1978). Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663-1795. Department of Publications, University of Kerala. p. 70.
  12. ^ Lobato, 1965, p.100.
  13. ^ a b Franco-Indian Alliances
  14. ^ L.Lee, Johnathan (1996). The 'Ancient Supremacy': Bukhara, Afghanistan & the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901. Brill Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-10399-3. ISSN 0929-2403.
  15. ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  16. ^ Raghavan, Srinath (2010). War and Peace in Modern India. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021. On 21 November Beijing announced a unilateral ceasefire to be followed by the withdrawal of Chinese troops to the north of the McMahon Line. But China would retain control up to its 1960 claimline in Ladakh—a situation that persists till today.
  17. ^ http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922[bare URL]
  18. ^ "AFSPA removed from Meghalaya, eight police stations in Arunachal Pradesh". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018.
  19. ^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  20. ^ Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
  21. ^ "Cold war games". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
  22. ^ "Birth of a nation". The Indian Express. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  23. ^ VSM, Brig Amar Cheema (31 March 2015). The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9788170623014. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  24. ^ Rajagopalan, Rajesh; Mishra, Atul (2015). Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32475-1.
  25. ^ a b "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  26. ^ Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  27. ^ Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  28. ^ "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
  29. ^ "The Island".
  30. ^ "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
  31. ^ "Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war". Hindustan Times. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  32. ^ Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  33. ^ Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
  34. ^ a b Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  35. ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  36. ^ "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.