July 1914

Summary

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The following events occurred in July 1914:
On the war see July Crisis and Causes of World War I.[1]

Sikhs aboard Komagata Maru in Vancouver's Burrard Inlet, 1914. Courts in British Columbia ruled the ship had to leave Canadian waters.
Cartoon titled "The Army Worm" in the U.S. newspaper Chicago Daily News depicting "War Menace" threatening the people of Europe, 1914

July 1 1914 (Wednesday) edit

July 2 1914 (Thursday) edit

 
Wilhelm II of Germany

July 3 1914 (Friday) edit

July 4 1914 (Saturday) edit

 
House damaged by bomb explosion at 1626 Lexington Avenue in Manhattan, July 4, 1914

July 5 1914 (Sunday) edit

July 6 1914 (Monday) edit

  • Komagata Maru incident – The British Columbia Court of Appeal gave a unanimous judgement that under new orders-in-council, it had no authority to interfere with the decisions of the Department of Immigration and Colonization, allowing the Canadian government legal standing to order Vancouver harbor's tug Sea Lion to push the Japanese vessel out to sea with more than 300 Sikhs and other British Indian subjects on board.[33]
  • July Crisis – British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey received warning from German ambassador Karl Max of likely war in the Balkans, but Grey was optimistic “that a peaceful solution would be reached” through Anglo-German co-operation.[34] Meanwhile, Kaiser Wilhelm went on his annual cruise of the North Sea at the insistence of his courtiers, even though he wished to remain in Berlin until the crisis was resolved.[35]
  • The 6th French Grand Prix, organised by the Automobile Club of France (ACF), was run at Lyon over 752.58 km (37.629 km x 20 laps). The winner was Christian Lautenschlager of Germany driving a Mercedes 18/100 in 7:08:18.4. The race was retrospectively referred to as the XIV Grand Prix de l´ACF.[36]
  • Celebrated Uruguayan poet Delmira Agustini was murdered in her Montevideo home by her ex-husband Enrique Job Reyes, a month after the couple had divorced. Reyes shot her twice before turning the gun on himself. They had married in 1913 but Agustini left Reyes a month later. On the centennial of her death, the city of Montevideo unveiled a statue of her by artist Martín Sastre in memory of the poet and other victims of gender-based violence.[37][38]
  • A French fishing vessel in the English Channel off Boulogne, France found a body floating in the water. Although they did not retrieve the corpse, the crew described the body's clothing as belonging to a pilot and recovered from it a road map of southern England. The evidence suggested the body was of Gustav Hamel, who disappeared while flying on 23 May.[39]
  • Born: Viola Desmond, Canadian activist, known for her court case that challenged racial segregation in Nova Scotia, in Halifax (d. 1965); Vincent J. McMahon, America professional wrestling promoter, manager of the Capitol Wrestling Corporation (now WWE), father of Vince McMahon, in New York City (d. 1984)

July 7 1914 (Tuesday) edit

 
Nikola Pašić, Prime Minister of Serbia

July 8 1914 (Wednesday) edit

July 9 1914 (Thursday) edit

July 10 1914 (Friday) edit

July 11 1914 (Saturday) edit

  • July Crisis – The German foreign office sent a telegram on behalf of Kaiser Wilhelm congratulating King Peter of Serbia on his birthday. Wilhelm ordered the goodwill telegram to be sent even though the German government knew of Austria-Hungary's intention to provoke war with Serbia: “As Vienna has so far inaugurated no action of any sort against Belgrade, the omission of the customary telegram would be too noticeable and might be the cause of premature uneasiness.... It should be sent.”[67]
  • USS Nevada, the United States Navy's first "super-dreadnought" battleship, was launched, in sponsorship by Miss Eleanor Anne Seibert, niece of Nevada Governor Tasker Oddie and a descendant of the first Secretary of the Navy, Benjamin Stoddert. The launch was attended by several prominent members of the government, including Governor Oddie, Governor David I. Walsh of Massachusetts, Senator Key Pittman of Nevada, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt, who would later become the 32nd President of the United States."Nevada". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved September 27, 2011.</ref>[68]
  • Over 5,000 attended a rally in Union Square, Manhattan, called by the Anti-Militarist League to commemorate the anarchists killed in the July 4 Lexington Avenue explosion.[69]
  • Baseball legend Babe Ruth made his major league debut with the Boston Red Sox.[70]
  • American aviator Walter L. Brock won the London-Paris return air race.[71]
  • Publisher William P. Beard, an ally to South Carolina politician Coleman Livingston Blease, ran the first edition of the weekly newspaper Abbeville Scimitar in Abbeville, South Carolina. The paper became notorious for racist editorials, including the endorsement of lynching. The paper was closed in 1917 after Beard was convicted of sedition for opposing the United States entrance to World War I on racist grounds.[72]
  • The Karkamış to Ceylanpınar line of the Berlin–Baghdad railway opened in south-eastern Turkey.[73]

July 12 1914 (Sunday) edit

 
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold

July 13 1914 (Monday) edit

July 14 1914 (Tuesday) edit

 
Hungarian Prime Minister István Tisza and Chief of the Army General Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf in Vienna, 15 July 1914

July 15 1914 (Wednesday) edit

 
Victoriano Huerta resigned as President of Mexico

July 16 1914 (Thursday) edit

July 17 1914 (Friday) edit

July 18 1914 (Saturday) edit

July 19 1914 (Sunday) edit

July 20 1914 (Monday) edit

July 21 1914 (Tuesday) edit

July 22 1914 (Wednesday) edit

July 23 1914 (Thursday) edit

July 24 1914 (Friday) edit

July 25 1914 (Saturday) edit

July 26 1914 (Sunday) edit

July 27 1914 (Monday) edit

July 28 1914 (Tuesday) edit

 
Austria-Hungary's telegram to the Kingdom of Serbia declaring war, 28 July 1914

July 29 1914 (Wednesday) edit

 
River military boat SMS Bodrog on the Danube river in 1914

July 30 1914 (Thursday) edit

July 31 1914 (Friday) edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Beatty, Jack. The lost history of 1914: Reconsidering the year the Great War began (Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2012) excerpt.
  • Levy, Jack S. "Preferences, constraints, and choices in July 1914." International Security 15.3 (1990): 151–186.
  • Neilson, Keith. "1914: The German War?." European History Quarterly 44.3 (2014): 395–418.
  • Otte, Thomas G. July Crisis: The world's descent into war, summer 1914 (Cambridge University Press, 2014) excerpt.
  • Powel, Meilyr. "The Welsh press and the July Crisis of 1914." First World War Studies 8.2-3 (2017): 133-152 online[dead link].
  • Vasquez, John A. "The First World War and International Relations Theory: A Review of Books on the 100th Anniversary." International Studies Review 16#4 (2014): 623–644.