Henry Alexander (1860 – May 15, 1894) was an American painter from California.

He was born in San Francisco.^[1] After early exhibiting a talent for drawing and painting, he went to study at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where his teachers were Ludwig von Loeffts and the history painter Wilhelm Lindenschmidt.^[2]

Aside from a few trompe-l'œil paintings, his paintings generally depict individuals within highly detailed interiors. He is especially known for his paintings of men in cluttered offices filled with business furnishings or laboratory equipment, such as his several paintings of the mineralogist Thomas Price.^[1] He also painted Chinese and Japanese subjects.

He left San Francisco for New York City on April 15, 1887, in order to be at the center of the art world, but he suffered from money troubles and alcoholism. He had a studio at 51 West Tenth Street. The other artists in the building avoided him, because he was always trying to borrow money.

Alexander's work attracted enough notice that the New York Herald described him as one of the creators of the modern school of art.^[2] On May 15, 1894, his money troubles led him to commit suicide by swallowing oxalic acid in the Oriental Hotel at Broadway and Thirty-Ninth Street.^[3]

Many of his works were destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.^[1]