Summary
The Gippsland massacres were a series of mass murders of Gunai Kurnai people, an Aboriginal Australian people living in East Gippsland, Victoria, committed by European settlers and the Aboriginal Police during the Australian frontier wars.
History edit
The perpetrators often did not record or speak about their actions for fear of prosecution and the death penalty under colonial law, as happened after the Myall Creek massacre. The names of many of the perpetrators remain on the rivers, roads and islands of Gippsland. Scots pastoralist Angus McMillan played a significant role in the massacres of Gippsland in retribution for the murder of a fellow pastoralist by the Gurnai Kurnai people.[1][2][3]
Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick wrote in a letter home to his relatives in England in 1846:
- The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. No wild beast of the forest was ever hunted down with such unsparing perseverance as they are. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with … I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging … For myself, if I caught a black actually killing my sheep, I would shoot him with as little remorse as I would a wild dog, but no consideration on earth would induce me to ride into a camp and fire on them indiscriminately, as is the custom whenever the smoke is seen. They [the Aborigines] will very shortly be extinct. It is impossible to say how many have been shot, but I am convinced that not less than 450 have been murdered altogether.[4][5]
The following list of massacres was compiled by settlers from white perpetrator sources such as letters and diaries, and thus does not take into account Gunai Kurnai knowledge of the history of occupation.[6]
- 1840 - Nuntin- unknown number murdered by Angus McMillan's men
- 1840 - Boney Point - "Angus McMillan and his men took a heavy toll of Aboriginal lives"[7]
- 1841 - Butchers Creek (now known as Boxes Creek, Metung) - 30-35 shot by Angus McMillan's men[7][8]
- 1841 - Maffra - unknown number shot by Angus McMillan's men
- 1842 - Skull Creek - unknown number murdered
- 1842 - Bruthen Creek - "hundreds murdered"
- 1843 - Warrigal Creek - up to 150 people shot by Angus McMillan and his men[9]
- 1844 - Maffra - unknown number murdered
- 1846 - South Gippsland - 14 murdered
- 1846 - Snowy River - 8 murdered by Captain Dana and the Aboriginal Police
- 1846-47 - Central Gippsland - 50 or more shot by armed party hunting for a white woman supposedly held by Aborigines; no such woman was ever found.
- 1850 - East Gippsland - 15-20 murdered
- 1850 - Murrindal - 16 poisoned
- 1850 - Brodribb River - 15-20 murdered
In 2020, the Wellington Shire Council voted against removing the monuments that celebrate Angus McMillan, with the vote finishing 5–4. Cr Rossetti, Cr Bye, Cr Ripper, Cr Hole and Cr Stephens voted against the movement despite McMillan's ties to genocide.[citation needed]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Flyn, Cal. (May 2016). Thicker than water. 4th Estate. ISBN 978-1-4607-0505-6. OCLC 940937337.
- ^ Glowrey, Cheryl (8 June 2016). "McMillan, Angus (1810–1865)". Angus McMillan. This article replaces the original Volume 2 ADB biography, authored by Theo Webster. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ O'Mahony, Ciaran (7 March 2019). "The Scottish explorer who became the butcher of Gippsland". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ Rule, Andrew (27 April 2002). "The black watch, and a verdict of history". The Age.
- ^ "Uncle Henry goes bush". The Daily Telegraph. 16 March 1940.
- ^ Gardner, Peter Dean (2001). Gippsland massacres: the destruction of the Kurnai tribes, 1800-1860. Essay, Victoria: Ngarak Press. ISBN 1-875254-31-5.
- ^ a b Gardner, Peter Dean (1979), Boney point and Butchers Ck: two early Gippsland massacres, Ensay, Vic, retrieved 9 September 2017
- ^ "New push to rename McMillan over massacre history". Special Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ Webb, Carolyn (7 February 2021). "Victoria's Deadly & Proud campaign remembers Indigenous victims of Warrigal Creek massacre in South Gippsland". The Age. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
Further reading edit
- Razik, Naveen (11 July 2020). "Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices". SBS News, Special Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020.
- Thorne, Leonie (11 July 2020). "Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020.