Erzsébet "Elza" Brandeisz (18 September 1907 – 6 January 2018) was a Hungarian dancer, teacher, and supercentenarian. She was considered a pioneer of expressionist dance in Hungary. During World War II, she hid several Jews in her family's summer home in Balatonalmádi, including the 14-year-old George Soros. In 1995 she was recognized by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among the Nations.
Elza Brandeisz | |
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Born | Erzsébet Brandeisz 18 September 1907 |
Died | 6 January 2018 (aged 110 years, 110 days) |
Nationality | Hungarian |
Occupation(s) | Teacher, dancer |
Awards | Righteous Among the Nations |
Brandeisz was born in Ruszt, Austria-Hungary (present-day Rust, Burgenland in Austria) on 18 September 1907.[1][2] She grew up in Budapest, Hungary, in a German family which belonged to the Lutheran church. As a child, she witnessed the coronation of Charles IV of Hungary in Budapest.[3]
Between 1923 and 1928, she studied dance at the school of Lili Kállai.[3] In the 1930s, she studied in Vienna and in Dresden under Mary Wigman.[3]
Brandeisz was a dancer and later a state-licensed[2] teacher in a private school for modern dance run by Béláné Lajtai, a Jewish woman.[4] Brandeisz was considered "one of the pioneers of expressionist dance in Hungary".[3] Dance competitions still call a difficult, spinaround movement that she taught the "Brandeisz Jump".[2]
During World War II, to avoid takeover by German Nazis, Brandeisz registered Lajtai's school in her name.[5] When Lajtai was forcibly relocated to a yellow-star house, Brandeisz brought her food and helped her obtain a letter of protection from the Portuguese embassy.[5] Brandeisz also hid Bözsi Soros and her 14-year-old son, György, in her family's summer house in Balatonalmádi. After emigrating to America, György changed his name to George Soros.[4][5] The Soros family shared the one-room house with Brandeisz's elderly father, mother, and sister.[6]
In the postwar era, dance was viewed negatively by the new communist government and Brandeisz was banned from performing in 1948.[3] She began teaching gymnastics and sports in Balatonalmádi.[3]
In 1963, Brandeisz retired and became a museum guide in the Storno House in Sopron, where she worked until 1978.[3] She refused to be supported by George Soros, but she was supported by nurses on his initiative.[3] In 1995, she was honored by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among the Nations.[4][5]
In her last years she lived in seclusion in Sopron.[3][1] At the time of her death on 6 January 2018, Brandeisz was the oldest resident of the city, aged 110.[7]