Elizabeth Haldane was born on 27 May 1862 at 17 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Her father was Robert Haldane of Cloan House near Auchterarder, Perthshire and her mother was Mary Elizabeth Sanderson.^[2] She was educated by a succession of tutors and visiting schoolmasters. She wanted to go to college but it was too expensive and she was an only daughter tied to her widowed mother. Instead she educated herself by correspondence courses.^[3]

Haldane was persuaded by Octavia Hill to apply to the system of property administration which Hill had developed in London to the situation in Edinburgh and in 1884, at the age of 21, she became convener of the Housing Committee of the Edinburgh Social Union.^[4] She took nursing courses in the 1880s and subsequently became involved in establishing the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) from 1908 onwards.^[5] She became a manager of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary around 1901 onwards.^[6] Her autobiography, From One Century to Another covers the period from 1862 to 1914. It lacks precise detail but gives a graphic picture of what it was like to be a well-to-do lady in the Victorian and Edwardian periods. She was intimate with royalty such as Queen Alexandra^[7] and was a personal friend of literary figures such as Matthew Arnold and George Meredith. She was taken out to dinner by Matthew Arnold who astonished her "by his knowledge of the neighbouring fishing streams, since he did not personally know the neighbourhood." She adds that: "I enjoyed his talk very much, as I had always had a great admiration for his work and felt it an honour to meet him. He had the stiff rather highbrow Victorian face one knew so well from pictures, but he was delightful to me."^[8] George Meredith visited Cloan House in September 1890. She recalls that "It was quite unnecessary to entertain him, for the wonderful sentences poured from his mouth and we had but to listen."^[9]

In later life, she corresponded with her niece, Naomi Mitchison (née Haldane) who regarded her suffragist views as being out of date. Haldane accepted "the restriction of women's activities to the inside, the personal, the domestic" whereas Mitchison considered women to be equally free to pursuit their lives outside the home.^[10] She died on 24 December 1937 at St Margaret's Hospital, Auchterarder.^[11]

Haldane was an accomplished translator and put her considerable talents to use translating works of philosophy, including treatises by Descartes and Hegel. Along with G. R. T. Ross, she translated Descartes in a two-volume set, entitled The Philosophical Works, for Cambridge University Press in 1911.

If Truth were to be found in mixing with the world, Descartes was bent on finding it; but, as he himself realised, he was a stranger in the world into which he had entered—a stranger in a mask which concealed his true expression. He learned, what all men learn in time, that there is no sphere of life in which the contradictions of mankind can be got rid of; everywhere alike is there error and deception: if we accept what is set before us by custom and example, we shall certainly go wrong. Truth must be sought for from the beginning: the Book of the World but sends us back to ourselves.

Descartes' first reflections that winter at Neuberg, when free from cares and passions he remained the whole day in his well-warmed room, gave the colour to the remainder of his life. The student, undistracted by society that interested him, devoted his whole attention to his thoughts, and his thoughts directed the course of his later speculations. What, then, was the lesson learned? The first conclusion the young man came to was this: that seldom does a work on which many persons have been employed attain to the same perfection as that which has been carried out by one single directing mind: this we see clearly in buildings, or in cities which have grown from villages. And with nations the case is similar: civilisation is a growth which has largely come about through the necessity bred of suffering, while the direction of some wise legislation or the ordinances of God must be incomparably superior. Learning has suffered in this way; the sciences have gradually been drawn far from the truth which a sensible man, using his natural and unprejudiced judgment, would gather from his own experience.

• Descartes, His Life and Times, Haldane, Elizabeth Sanderson, 1862-1937. P. 67-68 published 1905

• Vice-Chairman, Territorial Nursing Service;^[12]
• Member of QAIM Nursing Board;
• Deputy President of British Red Cross Society, Perthshire Branch;
• for some time a Manager of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary;
• Member of Scottish Universities Committee, 1909;
• Member of Royal Commission on the civil service, 1912;
• of Advisory Committees (National and Scottish) under the Insurance Act, 1912;
• of School Board since 1903;
• of County Authority for Education, 1919–22;
• of Scottish Savings Committee, 1916;
• of General Nursing Council, 1928;
• Central Council Broadcast Adult Education, 1930;
• Governor of Birkbeck College;
• late Governor of London School of Economics.

• Hegel's History of Philosophy (3 vols), translated with Miss Frances H. Simson, MA. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1892–96;
• The Wisdom and Religion of a German Philosopher: Being selections from the writings of G. W. F. Hegel. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1897;
• James Frederick Ferrier. (With introduction by R. B. Haldane) Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1899, ("Famous Scots Series";
• Descartes: His Life and Times. London: John Murray, 1905;
• Descartes' Philosophical Works. (2 vols), with Professor G. R. T. Ross. Cambridge University Press, 1911/2;
• The British Nurse in Peace and War. London: John Murray, 1923;
• Mary Elizabeth Haldane: A Record of a Hundred Years, (1825–1925). (Edited) London: Hodder and Stoughton, [1925]; reprinted by Kennedy & Boyd (2009) in the Naomi Mitchison Library Series;
• George Eliot and her Times: A Victorian Study. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1927:
• Mrs Gaskell and her Friends. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1930;
• The Scotland of our Fathers: A Study of Scottish Life in the Nineteenth Century. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1933;
• Scots Gardens in Old Times, 1200–1800. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1934;
• From One Century to Another: The Reminiscences of Elizabeth S. Haldane. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1937;
• Articles in various magazines, and in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics

• Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 available at http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U210623
• From One Century to Another: The Reminiscences of Elizabeth S. Haldane. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1937. Available here.
• British Library catalogue available at http://www.bl.uk.

• Alberti, Johanna (1990). "Inside out: Elizabeth Haldane as a women's suffrage survivor in the 1920s and 1930s". Women's Studies International Forum. 13 (1–2): 117–125. doi:10.1016/0277-5395(90)90078-C.

• Works by Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Elizabeth Haldane at Internet Archive
• Review of Haldane's 'Descartes: His Life and Times' by Edward Cary published in the New York Times in 1906
• Haldane's entry in The Dictionary of Twentieth-Century British Philosophers (ed. by Stuart Brown, Hugh Bredin) viewable through Google Books
• December 28, 1937 Times obituary for Haldane [readable as an image]