Elisha Phelps (November 16, 1779 – April 6, 1847) was a United States representative from Connecticut. He was the son of Noah Phelps and father of John Smith Phelps who was a United States Representative from Missouri. He was born in Simsbury, Connecticut. In 1800, he was graduated from Yale College and from Litchfield Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1803 and began practice in Simsbury.

Elisha Phelps
Portrait of Elisha Phelps by Elkanah Tisdale
2nd Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives
In office 1821–1821
Preceded by	David Plant
Succeeded by	Seth P. Beers
7th Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives
In office 1829–1829
Preceded by	Ebenezer Young
Succeeded by	Henry W. Edwards
Personal details
Born	November 16, 1779 Simsbury, Connecticut
Died	April 6, 1847 (aged 67)
Political party	Toleration (1818–1824) National Republican (1824–1834) Conservative (1838–1839)

Phelps was member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1807, 1812, and 1814-1818. He was elected as a Toleration Republican to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1821). He was again a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1821 and served as speaker. He served in the Connecticut Senate 1822-1824 and was elected as an Adams candidate to the Nineteenth and Twentieth Congresses (March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1828. After leaving Congress, he was Connecticut comptroller 1831-1837 and again a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1829 and 1835 and served as speaker in 1829. He was appointed a commissioner to revise and codify the state laws in 1835.

In 1838 and 1839, Phelps ran under a Conservative banner for Governor of Connecticut. His attempts were unsuccessful.

Phelps died in Simsbury in 1847 and was buried in Hop Meadow Cemetery.

His home, which he built in 1820, has been renamed the Amos Eno House, after a subsequent owner. It still stands in Simsbury and is on the National Register of Historic Places.