Summary
Bayin Htwe (Burmese: ဘုရင်ထွေး, pronounced [bəjɪ̀ɰ̃ tʰwé]; c. 1470s–1533) Tai name Hso Yam Hpa was king of Prome (Pyay) from 1527 to 1532. His small kingdom, founded by his father Thado Minsaw in 1482, was conquered by the Confederation of Shan States in 1532, and he was taken prisoner to Upper Burma. He was later released, and returned to Prome only to be refused entry by his son Narapati. Bayin Htwe died at the outskirts of Prome (Pyay) in mid 1533.
| Thiri Thudhamma Yaza Bayin Htwe သီရိသုဓမ္မရာဇာ ဘုရင်ထွေး | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Prome | |||||
| Reign | February 1527 – late 1532 | ||||
| Predecessor | Thado Minsaw | ||||
| Successor | Narapati | ||||
| Born | c. 1470s Tharrawaddy (Thayawadi) Ava Kingdom | ||||
| Died | c. June 1533 outside Prome (Pyay) Prome Kingdom | ||||
| Consort | Shwe Zin Gon Chit Mi | ||||
| Issue among others... | Narapati Minkhaung Minkhaung Medaw Narapati Medaw Laygyun Mibaya | ||||
| |||||
| House | Mohnyin | ||||
| Father | Thado Minsaw | ||||
| Mother | Myat Hpone Pyo | ||||
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism | ||||
Brief edit
Bayin Htwe was a son of Thado Minsaw who proclaimed independence of his minor kingdom from Ava in 1482. Htwe ascended the throne in 1526 after his father's death. His formal title was Thiri Thudhamma Yaza (သီရိသုဓမ္မရာဇာ).[1] The new king soon incurred the wrath of Saw Lon, the leader of Confederation of Shan States because he did not send help in the Confederation's war against Ava in 1526–1527. His father had been an ally of Lon, and sent troops in their 1524–1525 assault on Ava. In 1532, Lon and his Confederation armies (12,000 troops, 800 horses and 30 elephants) laid siege to Prome. Htwe surrendered in late 1532, and was sent to Dabayin in Upper Burma in exile. Htwe's son Narapati was appointed vassal king.[2]
Htwe's life in captivity was cut short after Lon was assassinated by his own ministers near Myedu, enabling his return to Prome. He arrived back at the outskirts of Prome, five months after he lost his throne. But Narapati did not allow him back in the city. He died about a month later in the adjoining forests.[2][3]
Family edit
His legacy lived on through his offspring. Two of his sons, Narapati and Minkhaung, became rulers of Prome, albeit as vassals of Ava. Two of his daughters, Salin Mibaya and Laygyun Mibaya, respectively were married to Viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome and Viceroy Minkhaung II of Toungoo.[4][5] Another daughter, Minkhaung Medaw was married to King Taka Yut Pi of Hanthawaddy, and later to King Min Bin of Arakan.[6][7] He was the maternal grandfather of Queen Hsinbyushin Medaw of Lan Na and Queen Min Taya Medaw, a principal queen of King Nanda of Toungoo Dynasty.[5]
| Queen | Rank | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shwe Zin Gon | Chief queen | Narapati, King of Prome (r. 1532–1539) Mingyi Saw (d. aged 19) daughter (d. aged 14 or 19) Narapati Medaw, Vicereine of Prome (r. 1551–1588) |
[note 1] |
| Chit Mi | Principal queen | Minkhaung, King of Prome (r. 1539–1542) Minkhaung Medaw, Queen of Hanthawaddy (r. 1534/35–1539) and Queen of Arakan (r. 1540–1554) Laygyun Mibaya, Vicereine of Toungoo (r. 1549–1584) son (died young) |
Ancestry edit
The following is his ancestry as reported in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle, which in turn referenced contemporary inscriptions.[note 2] His parents were first cousins.
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Notes edit
- ^ The issue list generally follows the lists provided in the main Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin except for Minkhaung Medaw, whose mother is reported in the chronicles as Shwe Zin Gon. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) and (Hmannan Yazawin Vol. 3 2003: 88) all say that the third daughter by Queen Shwe Zin Gon was named Minkhaung Medaw, who died at either in her 20th year (at age 19; Maha and Hmannan) or in her 15th year (age 14; Yazawin Thit). (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83) says that Queen Chit Mi and Bayin Htwe had issue: Minkhaung, a daughter who died young, Laygyun Mibaya and a son; (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) says the couple had Minkhaung, daughter married to Taka Yut Pi, Laygyun Mibaya and a son who died young; (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80) gives Minkhaung, Laygyun Mibaya, a daughter who died young, and a son. However, the chronicles' reporting of Queen Minkhaung Medaw as the full sister of King Narapati is most probably a mix-up. First, the Arakanese chronicle Rakhaine Razawin Thit (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33) identifies the queen who became King Min Bin's Tanzaung Mibaya as Queen Minkhaung Medaw, who according to the main Burmese chronicles was already dead in her teenage years. Furthermore, the title Minkhaung Medaw (lit. "Minkhaung's younger sister") indicates that she was more likely Minkhaung's full sister than Narapati's.
- ^ See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82–84) and (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 88) for his ancestors.
References edit
Bibliography edit
- Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1967) [1883]. History of Burma. London: Susil Gupta.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
- Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1997–1999) [1931]. Rakhine Razawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2. Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.