Bacalao (Spanish for cod) may refer to:

• Bacalao (cuisine), dried and salted cod
  • Bacalhau, dried and salted cod in Portuguese cuisine
• Bacalao (phantom island), a phantom island depicted on several early 16th century Portuguese maps
• Baccalieu Island, an island by Conception Bay in Newfoundland
• Bacalhao Island, an island off Twillingate in Newfoundland
• Bacalao (album), a 1960 album by Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis and Shirley Scott
• Bacalhau (film), a 1976 Brazilian comedy film that parodies Jaws
• Juana Bacallao, Cuban singer