• President – Chiang Ching-kuo
• Vice President – Lee Teng-hui
• Premier – Yu Kuo-hwa
• Vice Premier – Lin Yang-kang

January edit

• 1 January – The establishment of National Museum of Natural Science in North District, Taichung City.

March edit

• 30 March – The founding of Hitron.

August edit

• 1 August – The opening of National Open University in Luzhou City, Taipei County.

September edit

• 19 September – The completion of Yunlin Prison expansion in Huwei Township, Yunlin County.
• 26 September – The closing of Sankuaicuo Station in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City.
• 28 September – The founding of Democratic Progressive Party.

November edit

• 28 November
  • The start of operation of Canadian Trade Office in Taipei in Taipei City.
  • The reestablishment of Taroko National Park.

December edit

• 6 December – 1986 Republic of China National Assembly and legislative election.

• 4 January – Cheng Shao-chieh, badminton athlete
• 20 January – Genie Chuo, singer and actress
• 19 February – Amber Kuo, singer and actress
• 5 March – Chang Tsai-hsing, actor
• 8 March – Amanda Chu, actress
• 7 May – Pai Hsiao-ma, badminton athlete
• 12 June – Alicia Liu, model and television personality
• 8 July – Chloe Wang, actress, singer and host
• 5 August – Chang Cheng-wei, baseball player
• 6 October – Chiang Ming-han, football athlete
• 12 November – Evan Yo, singer-songwriter
• 26 December – Tseng Li-cheng, taekwondo athlete

• 25 February – Tu Tsung-ming, 92, pharmacologist.