• Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party: Mao Zedong
• President of the People's Republic of China: Mao Zedong
• Premier of the People's Republic of China: Zhou Enlai
• Chairman of the National People's Congress: Liu Shaoqi
• Vice President of the People's Republic of China: Zhu De
• Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China: Chen Yun

Governors edit

• Governor of Anhui Province: Huang Yan
• Governor of Fujian Province: Ye Fei
• Governor of Gansu Province: Deng Baoshan
• Governor of Guangdong Province: Chen Yu
• Governor of Guizhou Province: Zhou Lin (politician)
• Governor of Hebei Province: Lin Tie then Liu Zihou
• Governor of Heilongjiang Province: Ouyang Qin then Li Fanwu
• Governor of Henan Province: Wu Zhipu
• Governor of Hubei Province: Zhang Tixue
• Governor of Hunan Province: Cheng Qian
• Governor of Jiangsu Province: Hui Yuyu
• Governor of Jiangxi Province: Shao Shiping
• Governor of Jilin Province: Li Youwen
• Governor of Liaoning Province: Du Zheheng then Yuan Renyuan
• Governor of Qinghai Province:
  • until month unknown: Sun Zuobin
  • month unknown: Sun Junyi
  • starting month unknown: Yuan Renyuan
• Governor of Shaanxi Province: Zhao Shoushan
• Governor of Shandong Province: Zhao Jianmin then Tan Qilong
• Governor of Shanxi Province: Wang Shiying then Wei Heng
• Governor of Sichuan Province: Li Dazhang
• Governor of Yunnan Province: Guo Yingqiu (until November), Ding Yichuan (starting November)
• Governor of Zhejiang Province: Huo Shilian (until January), Zhou Jianren (starting January)

• February 11 – Marshal Chen Yi succeeds Premier Zhou Enlai as Chinese Minister of Foreign affairs.
• May 23 ^{[citation needed]} – Chairman Mao Zedong started his "Great Leap Forward" movement in the People's Republic of China.
• July 31 – Chinese–Tibet Uprising.
• August 23 – Chinese Civil War: The Second Taiwan Strait crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army's bombardment of Quemoy.
• October Unknown date – Sichan Radio Manufacturing, as predecessor of home appliance and visual electronic brand Changhong was founded.^{[citation needed]}

Full date unknown edit

• Di Li Feng, Chinese contemporary artist^[1]

• March 9 – Cheng Yanqiu, Chinese opera singer (born 1904)

• 1958 in Chinese film