• Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party: Mao Zedong
• President of the People's Republic of China: Mao Zedong
• Premier of the People's Republic of China: Zhou Enlai
• Chairman of the National People's Congress: Liu Shaoqi
• Vice President of the People's Republic of China: Zhu De
• Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China: Chen Yun

Governors edit

• Governor of Anhui Province: Huang Yan
• Governor of Fujian Province: Ye Fei
• Governor of Gansu Province: Deng Baoshan
• Governor of Guangdong Province: Tao Zhu (until August), Chen Yu (starting August)
• Governor of Guizhou Province: Zhou Lin
• Governor of Hebei Province: Lin Tie
• Governor of Heilongjiang Province: Ouyang Qin
• Governor of Henan Province: Wu Zhipu
• Governor of Hubei Province: Zhang Tixue
• Governor of Hunan Province: Cheng Qian
• Governor of Jiangsu Province: Hui Yuyu
• Governor of Jiangxi Province: Shao Shiping
• Governor of Jilin Province: Li Youwen
• Governor of Liaoning Province: Du Zheheng
• Governor of Qinghai Province: Sun Zuobin
• Governor of Shaanxi Province: Zhao Shoushan
• Governor of Shandong Province: Zhao Jianmin
• Governor of Shanxi Province: Wang Shiying
• Governor of Sichuan Province: Li Dazhang
• Governor of Yunnan Province: Guo Yingqiu
• Governor of Zhejiang Province: Sha Wenhan (until November), Huo Shilian (starting November)

• End of the Hundred Flowers Campaign
• Start of the Anti-Rightist Movement
• Establishment of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
• Continuing Kuomintang Islamic insurgency in China
• Promotion of the Five Goods Movement
• The Asian Flu killed around 1-2 million people in China and Hong Kong.

Other events edit

• January 1 - Opening of Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport, in Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to civil flights.
• October 15 - Opening of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, in Wuhan, Hubei
• Establishments:
  • Gaoming Prison, in Gaoming District, Foshan City, Guangdong
  • Henan Experimental Middle School, in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan
  • Lujiang Prison, in Chaohu City, Anhui

• 1957 in Chinese film