21 October – A separatist government is formed in the Rhineland Palatinate and is quickly recognized by the French government.
23 October – The communist Hamburg Uprising begins with left-wing extremists' attacks against numerous police stations in Hamburg and the erection of barricades. By the end of 24 October, the uprising was defeated.
9 November – In the Beer Hall Putsch, key members of the Nazi Party and their sympathizers, including Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Erich Ludendorff, attempt a coup against the German government. The coup attempt is crushed and fifteen Nazis are killed by the Bavarian Landespolizei. The killed would-be putschists are later designated as the movement's key "blood martyrs". The Blutfahne used during the coup attempt becomes a key artifact of Nazi party mythology.[3]
Germany signs an economic treaty with the United States.
The Reichstag passes an enabling act empowering the government to take all measures it deems necessary and urgent with regard to the state of emergency.
Popular cultureedit
Arts and literatureedit
Hermann Oberth publishes Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space)
Artedit
Max Beckmann made a self-portrait of himself holding a cigarette. The painting is currently housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Wassily Kandinsky painted his Composition VIII while he was working at the Bauhaus school of art in Weimar. This completely non-representational work exemplifies his ground-breaking movement toward abstraction.
^Winkler, Heinrich August (2015-11-03), "A Year of Decisions: 1923. From the Occupation of the Ruhr to the Dawes Plan", A Year of Decisions: 1923. From the Occupation of the Ruhr to the Dawes Plan, Yale University Press, pp. 223–237, doi:10.12987/9780300213096-020, ISBN 978-0-300-21309-6, retrieved 2023-04-07
^Bytwerk, Randall L. (1978-10-01). "Julius Streicher and the Early History of 'Der Stürmer,' 1923–1933". Journalism History. 5 (3): 74–79. doi:10.1080/00947679.1978.12066887. ISSN 0094-7679.
^Schönhoven, Klaus; Gordon, Harold J. (1974). "Review of Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch, Harold J. Gordon, Jr". The Journal of Modern History. 46 (1): 156–158. ISSN 0022-2801.