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HOW IT WORKS
1868 in the United States
Summary
Events from the year
1868 in the United States
.
←
1867
1866
1865
1868
in
the United States
→
1869
1870
1871
Decades:
1840s
1850s
1860s
1870s
1880s
See also:
History of the United States (1865–1918)
Timeline of United States history (1860–1899)
List of years in the United States
Incumbents
edit
Federal government
edit
President
:
Andrew Johnson
(
D
-
Tennessee
)
Vice President
:
vacant
Chief Justice
:
Salmon P. Chase
(
Ohio
)
Speaker of the House of Representatives
:
Schuyler Colfax
(
R
-
Indiana
)
Congress
:
40th
Governors
and
lieutenant governors
Governors
edit
Governor of Alabama
:
Robert M. Patton
(
Democratic
) (until July 24),
William Hugh Smith
(
Republican
) (starting July 24)
Governor of Arkansas
:
Isaac Murphy
(
Republican
) (until July 2),
Powell Clayton
(
Republican
) (starting July 2)
Governor of California
:
Henry Huntly Haight
(
Democratic
)
Governor of Connecticut
:
James E. English
(
Democratic
)
Governor of Delaware
:
Gove Saulsbury
(
Democratic
)
Governor of Florida
:
David S. Walker
(
Democratic
) (until July 4),
Harrison Reed
(
Republican
) (starting July 4)
Governor of Georgia
:
until January 13:
Charles J. Jenkins
(
Democratic
)
January 13-July 4:
Thomas H. Ruger
(Military)
starting July 4:
Rufus Bullock
(
Republican
)
Governor of Illinois
:
Richard J. Oglesby
(
Republican
)
Governor of Indiana
:
Conrad Baker
(
Republican
)
Governor of Iowa
:
William M. Stone
(
Republican
) (until January 16),
Samuel Merrill
(
Republican
) (starting January 16)
Governor of Kansas
:
Samuel J. Crawford
(
Republican
) (until November 4),
Nehemiah Green
(
Republican
) (starting November 4)
Governor of Kentucky
:
John W. Stevenson
(
Democratic
)
Governor of Louisiana
:
until January 8:
Benjamin Franklin Flanders
(
Republican
)
January 8-June 27:
Joshua Baker
(
Democratic
)
starting June 27:
Henry C. Warmoth
(
Republican
)
Governor of Maine
:
Joshua Chamberlain
(
Republican
)
Governor of Maryland
:
Thomas Swann
(
Democratic
)
Governor of Massachusetts
:
Alexander H. Bullock
(
Republican
)
Governor of Michigan
:
Henry H. Crapo
(
Republican
)
Governor of Minnesota
:
William R. Marshall
(
Republican
)
Governor of Mississippi
:
Benjamin G. Humphreys
(
Democratic
) (until June 15),
Adelbert Ames
(Military) (starting June 15)
Governor of Missouri
:
Thomas Clement Fletcher
(
Republican
)
Governor of Nebraska
:
David Butler
(
Republican
)
Governor of Nevada
:
Henry G. Blasdel
(
Republican
)
Governor of New Hampshire
:
Walter Harriman
(
Republican
)
Governor of New Jersey
:
Marcus Lawrence Ward
(
Republican
)
Governor of New York
:
Reuben Fenton
(
Republican
) (until end of December 31)
Governor of North Carolina
:
Jonathan Worth
(Conservative) (until July 1),
William Woods Holden
(
Republican
) (starting July 1)
Governor of Ohio
:
Jacob Dolson Cox
(
Republican
) (until January 13),
Rutherford B. Hayes
(
Republican
) (starting January 13)
Governor of Oregon
:
George L. Woods
(
Republican
)
Governor of Pennsylvania
:
John W. Geary
(
Republican
)
Governor of Rhode Island
:
Ambrose Everett Burnside
(
Republican
)
Governor of South Carolina
:
James Lawrence Orr
(
Democratic
) (until July 6),
Robert Kingston Scott
(
Republican
) (starting July 6)
Governor of Tennessee
:
William G. Brownlow
(
Republican
)
Governor of Texas
:
Elisha M. Pease
(
Republican
)
Governor of Vermont
:
John B. Page
(
Republican
)
Governor of Virginia
:
Francis Harrison Pierpont
(
Republican
) (until April 4),
Henry H. Wells
(
Republican
) (starting April 4)
Governor of West Virginia
:
Arthur I. Boreman
(
Republican
)
Governor of Wisconsin
:
Lucius Fairchild
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant governors
edit
Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
:
Andrew J. Applegate
(
Republican
) (starting July 24)
Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas
:
Calvin C. Bliss
(
Republican
) (until July 2),
James M. Johnson
(
Republican
) (starting July 2)
Lieutenant Governor of California
:
William Holden
(
Democratic
)
Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut
:
Ephraim H. Hyde
(
Democratic
)
Lieutenant Governor of Florida
:
William W. J. Kelly
(
Republican
) (until month and day unknown),
William Henry Gleason
(
Republican
) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
:
William Bross
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant Governor of Indiana
: vacant
Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
:
Benjamin F. Gue
(
Republican
) (until January 16),
John Scott
(
Republican
) (starting January 16)
Lieutenant Governor of Kansas
:
Nehemiah Green
(
Republican
) (until November 4),
Charles Vernon Eskridge
(
Republican
) (starting November 4)
Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
:
Preston H. Leslie
(
Democratic
)
Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana
: vacant (until month and day unknown),
Oscar J. Dunn
(
Republican
) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
:
Christopher C. Cox
(Unionist) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
:
William Clafin
(political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
:
Dwight May
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
:
Thomas H. Armstrong
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant Governor of Missouri
:
George Smith
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
: James S. Slingerland (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of New York
:
Stewart L. Woodford
(
Republican
) (until end of December 31)
Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina
:
Tod R. Caldwell
(
Republican
) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Ohio
:
Andrew McBurney
(
Republican
) (until January 13),
John C. Lee
(
Republican
) (starting January 13)
Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island
:
William Greene
(political party unknown) (until month and day unknown), Pardon Stevens (political party unknown) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
: W. D. Porter (no political party) (until July 6), Lemuel Boozer (
Republican
) (starting July 6)
Lieutenant Governor of Texas
: vacant
Lieutenant Governor of Vermont
:
Stephen Thomas
(
Republican
)
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
:
Leopold Copeland Parker Cowper
(
Whig
)
Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin
:
Wyman Spooner
(
Republican
)
Events
edit
January–March
edit
January 6 –
Asa Mercer
and a number of new "
Mercer Girls
" sail from
Massachusetts
for the West Coast, arriving in
Seattle
on May 23.
January 9 –
John William De Forest
, writing for
The Nation
, calls for a more specifically
American literature
; the essay's title, "The
Great American Novel
", is the first known use of the term.
February – The Benjamin Franklin "
Z Grill
" postage stamp is issued; it will be among the rarest ever.
February 16 – In
New York City
the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the
Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
(BPOE).
February 24
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
: Three days after his action to dismiss
Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton
, the
House of Representatives
votes 126 to 47 in favor of a resolution to
impeach
Andrew Johnson
, the first of three presidents to be impeached by the full House. Johnson is later acquitted by the
Senate
in
his impeachment trial
.
The first
parade
to have floats occurs at
Mardi Gras
in
New Orleans, Louisiana
.
March 1 – The
Pi Kappa Alpha
fraternity is founded at the
University of Virginia
.
March 5 – A
court of impeachment
is organized in the
United States Senate
to hear charges against President
Andrew Johnson
in
an impeachment trial
.
March 23 – The
University of California
is founded in
Oakland, California
, when the Organic Act is signed into
California
law.
March 27 – The
Lake Ontario Shore Railroad
Company is organized in
Oswego, New York
.
April–June
edit
April 1 – The
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
is established in
Hampton, Virginia
.
April 29 – After pursuing a policy of total war on the
Plain Indians
, General
William Tecumseh Sherman
brokers the
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
.
May 9 – The city of
Reno, Nevada
is founded.
May 16 and 26 – President
Andrew Johnson
is acquitted during his
impeachment trial
by one vote in the
United States Senate
.
May 30 –
Memorial Day
is observed in the United States for the first time (it was proclaimed on May 5 by General
John A. Logan
).
June 3 –
Crown Point, Indiana
is incorporated a town.
June 25 –
Florida
,
Alabama
,
Louisiana
,
North Carolina
, and
South Carolina
are all readmitted to the U.S.
June 27 –
Lowell, Indiana
is incorporated a town.
July–September
edit
July 25 –
Wyoming Territory
is organized.
July 28 – The
14th Amendment to the United States Constitution
is adopted, guaranteeing
African Americans
full citizenship and all persons in the United States
due process
of law.
September – The first volume of
Louisa May Alcott
's novel
Little Women
is published.
September 18 – The
University of the South
holds its first convocation in
Sewanee, Tennessee
.
September 23 – Rebels (some 400–600) in the town of
Lares
declare
Puerto Rico
independent; the local militia defeats them a week later.
October–December
edit
October 6 –
The City of New York
grants
Mount Sinai Hospital
a 99-year lease for a property on
Lexington Avenue
and
66th Street
, for the sum of $1.00.
October 7 –
Cornell University
in
Ithaca, New York
, is opened, with an initial enrollment of 412 men the following day.
October 21 – The M6.3–6.7
Hayward earthquake
affects the
San Francisco Bay Area
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
of IX (
Violent
), causing damage from Santa Rosa to Santa Cruz.
October 28 –
Thomas Edison
applies for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.
November 3 –
U.S. presidential election, 1868
:
Ulysses S. Grant
defeats
Horatio Seymour
in the election.
November 25 – The
Alpha Tau Omega
fraternity is founded at the
University of Virginia
.
[1]
November 27 –
Indian Wars
–
Battle of Washita River
: In the early morning,
United States Army
Lieutenant Colonel
George Armstrong Custer
leads an attack on a band of
Cheyenne
living on reservation land with
Chief Black Kettle
, killing 103 Cheyenne.
December 25 – President
Andrew Johnson
grants unconditional pardon to all
Civil War
rebels.
Undated
edit
Maryland School for the Deaf
is established.
The
Roman Catholic See of Tucson
is established as the
Apostolic Vicariate
of Arizona in 1868, taking its territory from the former
Diocese of Santa Fe
. The Diocese of Tucson is canonically erected on May 8, 1897.
Ongoing
edit
Reconstruction era
(1865–1877)
Births
edit
January 31 –
Theodore William Richards
, chemist, recipient of
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
in 1914 (died
1928
)
February 3 –
William J. Harris
, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1919 to 1932 (died
1932
)
February 5 –
Maxine Elliott
, actress and businesswoman (died
1940 in France
)
February 10 –
William Allen White
, journalist (died
1944
)
February 16 –
John Rogan
, second tallest person in recorded history (died
1905
)
February 20 –
John Nathan Cobb
, author, naturalist, conservationist, fisheries researcher and educator (died
1930
)
February 23 –
W. E. B. Du Bois
, African American civil rights leader (died
1963
)
April 6 –
Helen Hyde
, etcher and engraver (died
1919
)
April 8 –
Herbert Spencer Jennings
, zoologist (died
1947
)
April 12
Annie Stevens Perkins
, author (unknown year of death)
Ella Gaunt Smith
, doll-maker (died
1932
)
April 21 –
Alfred Henry Maurer
, modernist painter (suicide
1932
)
April 28 –
Hélène de Pourtalès
, born Helen Barbey, Olympic sailor (died 1945 in Switzerland)
March 22 –
Robert Millikan
, physicist, recipient of
Nobel Prize in Physics
in 1923 (died
1953
)
May 2 –
Robert W. Wood
, optical physicist (died
1955
)
May 10 –
Ed Barrow
, baseball player and manager (died
1953
)
June 4 –
Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.
, U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1922 to 1929 (died
1942
)
June 8 –
Robert Robinson Taylor
, first accredited African American architect (died 1942)
June 28 –
John F. Nugent
, U.S. Senator from Idaho from 1918 to 1921 (died
1931
)
July 4 –
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
, astronomer (died
1921
)
[2]
August 21 –
Vess Ossman
, ragtime banjo player (died
1923
)
August 23 –
Edgar Lee Masters
, poet, biographer, dramatist and lawyer (died
1950
)
September 8 –
Seth Weeks
, African American jazz mandolin player, composer, arranger and bandleader (died 1953)
September 9 –
Mary Hunter Austin
, writer (died
1934
)
September 11 –
Henry Justin Allen
, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1929 to 1931 (died 1950)
September 22 –
John T. Raulston
, state judge (died
1956
)
October 8 –
Coleman Livingston Blease
, U.S. Senator from South Carolina from 1925 to 1931 (died 1942)
October 10 –
Anne Hazen McFarland
, physician and medical journal editor (unknown year of death)
November 3 –
Harry Grant Dart
, cartoonist (died
1938
)
[3]
November 22 –
John Nance Garner
, 32nd
vice president of the United States
from 1933 to 1941 (died
1967
)
November 23 –
Mary Brewster Hazelton
, portrait painter (died 1953)
November 24 –
Scott Joplin
, African American ragtime composer and pianist (died
1917
)
December 14 –
Louise Hammond Willis Snead
, artist, writer, and composer (died
1958
)
December 17 –
Frederic M. Sackett
, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1925 to 1930 (died
1941
)
December 19 –
Eleanor H. Porter
, novelist (died
1920
)
December 25 –
Eugenie Besserer
, silent film actress (died
1934
)
date unknown
–
Luther Standing Bear
, Native American film actor (died
1939
)
Deaths
edit
James Buchanan
March 4
Richard H. Bayard
, U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1841 to 1845 (born
1796
)
Jesse Chisholm
, pioneer (born c.
1805
)
May 10 –
Henry Bennett
, politician (born
1808
)
May 23 –
Kit Carson
, trapper, scout and Indian agent (born
1809
)
May 24 –
Emanuel Leutze
, history painter (born 1816 in Germany)
May 31 –
John J. McRae
, U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1851 to 1852 (born
1815
)
June 1 –
James Buchanan
, 15th
president of the United States
from 1857 to 1861 (born
1791
)
June 6 –
Daniel Pierce Thompson
, novelist and lawyer (born
1795
)
June 15 –
Warren Ives Bradley
, children's author (born
1847
)
June 22 –
Heber C. Kimball
, Latter Day Saint leader (born
1801
)
July 15 –
William T. G. Morton
, pioneer of anaesthesia (born
1819
)
July 7 –
Edward Coles
, planter, politician and the second
governor of Illinois
(born
1786
)
August 11 –
Thaddeus Stevens
, politician (born
1792
)
September 17 –
Hook Nose
, Northern Cheyenne warrior (born c.1823)
September 19 –
William Sprague
, minister and politician from Michigan (born 1809)
October 9 –
Howell Cobb
, politician (born 1815)
November 27 –
Black Kettle
, Southern Cheyenne Peace Chief (born
1803
)
December 25 –
Linus Yale, Jr.
, inventor (born
1821
)
See also
edit
Timeline of United States history (1860–1899)
References
edit
^
List of Alpha Tau Omega chapters
.
^
Todd, Deborah; Angelo, Joseph (2003).
A to Z of Scientists in Space and Astronomy
. New York: Facts of File. p. 200.
ISBN
978-0-81604-639-3
.
^
Harry Grant Dart (3 November 1868 - 15 November 1938, USA)
External links
edit
Media related to 1868 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons