• Monarch – Frederick VI^[1]
• Prime minister – Otto Joachim

• 1 January – Johan Ludvig Heiberg (poet) publishes the literary journal Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post for the first time.^[2]
• May – Giuseppe Siboni opens the first music conservatory in Copenhagen.^[2]
• 12 June – The Tightrope walker Christian Roat is killed during a show at Rosenborg drill grounds when his rope breaks.^[2]

Undated edit

• The crown acquires the Holstein Mansion in Copenhagen as a permanent home for the Natural History Museum.^[2]

January–March edit

• 8 February – Hans Schjellerup, astronomer (died 1887)
• 1 March – Eiler Rasmussen Eilersen, painter (died 1912)
• 16 March – Ferdinand Meldahl, architect (died 1908)
• 20 March – Johannes Forchhammer, philologist (died 1909)

April–June edit

• 12 May – Israel B. Melchior, photographer (died 1893)
• 2 June – Petrine Fredstrup, ballet dancer (died 1881)
• 11 June - Natalie Zahle, reform pedagogue and pioneer on women's education (died 1913)

October–December edit

• 7 October – Christian Frederik Lütken, zoologist ad naturalist (died 1901)
• 19 October – Mads Christian Holm, businessman, company founder (died 1892)
• 22 December – Anders Petersen (historian), historian (died 1914)

January–March edit

• 7 February – Peter Norden Sølling, naval officer (born 1758)

July–September edit

• 3 September – Adam Ditlev Wedell-Wedellsborg, government official (born 1782)
• 19 September – Morten Thrane Brünnich, zoologist and mineralogist (born 1737)
• 23 September – Mads Christian Holm, businessman, company founder (born 1827)

October–December edit

• 11 October – Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow, statesman and reformer (born 1748)
• Marie Barch, first native Danish ballerina (born 1744)